Gulliver’s Travels Essay -- Satire Satirical Essays

Gullivers TravelsGullivers Travels has set a standard for satirical writing for a long time, and Swifts imaginative ability and endowment can explain a lot of the texts continued popularity. People can approach Gullivers Travels like a childrens book, and non search for deeper meaning. They read the story as a fantasy, and seek only to be entertained. Gullivers Travels is valuable and enjoyable for its plot and surface elements alone, but a deeper level of meaning and significance can be achieved if we take note of the satirical elements in the novel. Although to gain a unspoilt appreciation of the satire, the reader ask to be somewhat familiar with the events of Swifts time.Taking the historical period in which Swift was writing into consideration, one of the major changes that was occurring was the shift to a more scientific, empirically-in manakined worldview (being advanced by the Royal Society of England and Francis Bacon). However, Swift and new(prenominal)s were conce rned that if this new scientific outlook could lead to disaster if it continued unchecked. Swift and other nonconformists argued that science without context could have widespread harmful consequences, and this position profoundly reveals itself in his satirical treatment of science and knowledge in Gullivers Travels. This newspaper publisher will discuss Swifts satirical treatment of these subjects in the novel.Several critics have pointed out that evidence exists that suggests that Swift was not uniformly hostile to all science (Phiddian 52). Therefore, it would seem unfair to read Swifts satirical approach to science in Gullivers Travels as a full rejection of the science of his day-it would be overly simplistic and reductive. Swift was not an anti-Luddite. In fact, Swift was a proponent of science in some ways, but he reacted strongly against what he perceived as its abuse or exploitation. The satirical treatment of science in Gullivers Travels is more complex than an all-or -nothing rejection of the scientific expectation that was sightly increasingly popular in Swifts time.Instead of objecting to the use of science in general, Swift seems to have had problems with a particular form of scientific research, and it is with this type of science/scientist that Swift is primarily concerned in Gullivers Travels. The type of science that Swift attacks is inapplicable science, or pure... ...ss of the scientific worldview that was becoming more widespread during his lifetime. Swift himself was not opposed to all scientific endeavors, but Gullivers Travels provided a platform for him to explore the potential negative effect/affects of the new science, engaging in the exaggeration and absurdity that are essential to satire. Although Swifts characterization of the Laputan scientists is distorted, it does successfully call into question the crowning(prenominal) goal of science. Should scientific research be pursued because society has achieved the technology t o perform them? My opinion is that Swift, through Gullivers Travels, argued that it should not automatically and necessarily be pursued.Works CitedFitzgerald, Robert P. Science and Politics in Swifts Voyage to Laputa. Journal of English and Germanic Philology 87 213-29.Patey, Douglas Lane. Swifts caustic remark on Science and the Structure of Gullivers Travels. ELH 58.4 809-39.Phiddian, Robert. A Hopeless Project Gulliver inside the Language of Science in Book III. Eighteenth Century lifetime 22.1 50-62.Swift, Jonathan. Gullivers Travels. Ed. Greenberg, Robert A. 2nd ed. New York Norton, 1970.

The Media: Creating Controversy to Make a Quick Buck :: Race and the Media Essays

It seems that the world likes controversy because it is everywhere on television, online, and in the newspaper. In this technology era, we cant to get remote from controversy, due to easy access on our smartphones, tablets, and lab tops. Controversy can be found in many a(prenominal) situations in our lives and found in many subjects in the media, for example sex, religion, politics and a lot of time when it comes to race. The first topic discussed will be what is controversy? Next, is controversy need in the media? Then, wherefore is controversy used in the media and is it necessary? As well as should controversial content be removed from the media and would removing controversy content make a difference in any way to the audience. This essay will also discuss how media presents different sides of the issue and how the media affects public opinion on the Travon Martin murder in Florida. Discussing these topics will also help us understand how to decipher controversy, in the w ay of does controversy help resolve or exacerbate controversial situations in the media. Controversy is a lengthy public disagreement or debate over many conflicting opinions. In the media there is no shortage of controversy. It seems that both controversy are over the following topics, politics, religion, sex, economics, finances, culture and race (P. Ferreira, 2013). I would not say controversy is needed in the Statesn or level the world. However America and even the entire world were built on controversy (Davenport, 2012). Since we all do not share the same opinions in every aspect or major topics in the world, because of this controversy is created sometimes voluntary and involuntary. What the media does is bring all opinions from within America and around the world to a macroscopic group of people, which in turns creates controversy out in the open to the public. Controversy is need in the world, because without it we would not know or learn all other aspects to a specific topic. For example, the crime in America is higher than other countries in the world. Some people would say that it is due to the exorbitant gun-ownership in America (Davenport, 2012). However other peoples opinions say it is not guns that kill people it is people that kill people, and other say it is the people that locate guns illegitimately that commit most of the killing in America.

Metaphor Analysis of Lord of the Flies :: essays research papers

Metaphor AnalysisBeast The beast, the Lord of the Flies, is seen as a received object on the island which frightens the boys. Actually the beast is something internal, the Lord of the Flies is in soul and mind of the boys, leading them to the natural chaos of a society with no reasoning adults. Only Simon understands what the real beast is, but is killed when he tries to tell the boys about the Lord of the Flies.Conch The conch shell symbolizes the law and order of the old adult military man which Piggy tries so desperately to protect. The conch represents all the authority which the boys are so used to obeying. When Jack destroys the conch, anarchy quickly ensues because any hope of strong, central lead has been abandoned. The island society collapses into chaos. Facepaint This is the excuse many of the boys use for living as hunting savages, instead of civilized English citizens. The paint symbolizes the smoke-screen the beast uses to infiltrate the boys souls.Fire/ roll of toba cco The smoke of the signal clap symbolizes the last best hope of the boys being rescued. To Piggy and Ralph, the fire represents the moral influence of their old life in England. When the fire goes out, Ralph loses his bearings, unsure of his next move. The fire is diatonically opposed to hunting, the activity of anarchy on the island. Island Golding purposefully picked an island to be the landing place of the crashed plane because an island is isolated from the rest of society. The boys hold in no contact with the outside world and must look to themselves to solve the problems of their own micro-society. In this way, the island, which symbolizes isolation, serves as a perfect backdrop for the frailties of human temperament which eventually surface. Glasses The glasses symbolize the voice of reason and logic among the boys. Piggy defends his glasses even more than the conch. Piggy, who represents the superego of the boys (and societys) collective personality, uses his glasses to mother solutions to the boys problems.

Post-Modern Victorian: A. S. Byatts Possession Essay examples -- essay

Post-Modern VictorianA. S. Byatts will powerIf I had read A. S. Byatts novel Possession without having had British Literature, a lot of the novels meaning, analogies, and literary mystery would subscribe been lost to me. The entire book seems one big reference back to something weve learned or read this may term. The first few lines of chapter one are poetry attributed to Randolph Henry Ash, which Byatt wrote herself. Already in those few lines I hear echoes of class, lines create verbally in flowery Pre-Raphaelite tradition. "The serpent at its root, the fruit of gold /At the old worlds rim, /In the Hesperidean grove, the fruit /Glowed golden on eternal boughs, and there /The dragon Ladon crisped his jewelled (sic) baksheesh." Because of class, I was able to pick up on this poetry tradition right away. This story within a story is strengthened by Byatts faculty to write Victorians accurately. Until I read some of the reviews, I thought Byatts Victorian characters were actual historical literary figures, when actually they are fictitious, and their journals, letters, and poetry are written by Byatt.      The action of the book takes place in two periods. The two main characters, Roland and Maud, are literary scholars living in the 1980s. Their love story is share and played out by the diaries, poetry, and correspondence of two poets and lovers from the 1860s-Randolph Henry Ash and Christabel LaMotte. Although the book is modern fiction, much of it is a Victorian novel as well. Possession is characteristic of Byatts love for intertextuality and imbedded texts. Possession is also an example of several literary genres, all written into one book. At various times it gives evidence of poetry, mythology, a romance novel, a detective story, a fairy tale, journals and diaries, and scholarly writings.     There are several themes in Possession that tie this book to earlier texts that we have read. Individual versus group identity, feminism, sexuality and the link between present and past are themes that Byatt deals with in her novel. Interestingly, Byatt expresses many of these themes using symbolic air imagery, a proficiency that makes her writing reminiscent of Pre-Raphaelite style.      According to Byatt, the "struggle of the individual to discover and then live out her... ...hanged, and romance from one time to another is not so different as we thought. The characters mix the old and the new Maud wears a brooch once belonging to Christabel, and another Ash scholar, Mortimer Cropper, carries Ashs pocket watch. In the abate of the novel, the last love letter written by Christabel enables Maud to finally enjoy the value of love in the present, and give her trust to Roland. The cyclical time chuck of the novel provides an interesting contrast to the normal, stifling, linear time frame of typical literature and everyday life. The way Byatt expresses many of these t hemes through her symbolic use of color is significant. Byatt paints with words, making her reminiscent of the Pre-Raphaelites. She gives color descriptions for her characters, painting the women such as LaMotte and Christabel in gold and green description, while persons whose characters are flat and never well-developed, such as Paola the secretary, are described in colorless terms. Paola has "long, colourless hair bound in a rubber band" huge mothlike glasses, and "dusty grey pads" for fingertips. Her privation of color sets her off from the beginning as a very flat character.

Alternative Fuel :: Hydrogen Fuel H2/02

Hydrogen can be packaged in several ways, as a fuel gas in a H2/02 powered locomotive or the newly devised solid state pellet of hydrogen isotopes that contains about the equivalent of 5000 cubic feet of hydrogen and is broken down and releases gas into the second bedroom where it goes to the engine for use. There are many ways to get pure hydrogen out of many compounds using methods such as electrolysis and chemical reactions. champion of the easiest ways is using a chemical reaction. Simple chemicals (aluminum,sodium hydroxide, and water) can be reacted in the home to piss heavy hydrogen to power your furnace or your eager water heater . No electrical power at all is required. The reaction also gives off a tremendous amount of heat. Even the cop heat could be captured for heating the house. The resulting sodium aluminate is harmless and could be collected at recoiling centers for complete acid/base neutralization. This way is a simpler way than electrolysis produce hydrogen f or heating the home, because in a automobile it would be harder to do. Electrolysis is another way to produce hydrogen electronically. It is a way that I am much familiar with because I do it quite a bit in my room and have done several experiments with it. Electrolysis will produce a 21 ratio of hydrogen to oxygen out of water. higher voltages will give you faster collection. With a 12-volt battery it took around a half an hour to get a quarter of a mountain dew bottle filled with a catalyst of a small amount of Baking Soda. I use it because it was cheap and I knew it worked. Another time I used a 75 volt / 2 amp power supply with a catalyst of 2 drops of sulfuric acid to a pint of water and the result was very differing from the last time. I filled the whole mountain dew bottle in less than 6 minutes. All of that gas came from a little less than a drop of water(when I light it off there was only a little spec of water on the

Alternative Fuel :: Hydrogen Fuel H2/02

Hydrogen can be packaged in several ways, as a fuel gas in a H2/02 powered locomotive or the newly devised solid state pellet of hydrogen isotopes that contains about the equivalent of 5000 cubic feet of hydrogen and is broken down and releases gas into the second domiciliate where it goes to the engine for use. There are many ways to get pure hydrogen out of many compounds using methods such as electrolysis and chemical reactions. 1 of the easiest ways is using a chemical reaction. Simple chemicals (aluminum,sodium hydroxide, and water) can be reacted in the home to adduce heavy hydrogen to power your furnace or your burning water heater . No electrical power at all is required. The reaction also gives off a tremendous amount of heat. Even the eat up heat could be captured for heating the house. The resulting sodium aluminate is harmless and could be collected at recoiling centers for complete acid/base neutralization. This way is a simpler way than electrolysis produce hydrog en for heating the home, because in a automobile it would be harder to do. Electrolysis is another way to produce hydrogen electronically. It is a way that I am more familiar with because I do it quite a bit in my room and have done several experiments with it. Electrolysis will produce a 21 ratio of hydrogen to oxygen out of water. higher voltages will give you faster collection. With a 12-volt battery it took around a half an time of day to get a quarter of a mountain dew bottle filled with a throttle valve of a small amount of Baking Soda. I employ it because it was cheap and I knew it worked. Another time I used a 75 volt / 2 amp power supply with a catalyst of 2 drops of sulfuric acid to a pint of water and the result was very differing from the last time. I filled the whole mountain dew bottle in less than 6 minutes. All of that gas came from a little less than a drop of water(when I light it off there was only a little spec of water on the

Assess the view that what participant observation lacks in terms of reliability Essay

Assess the view that what participant observation lacks in terms of dependability & representativeness, it more than makes up for in terms of validity. player Observation is where the researcher infiltrates themselves into a certain group or gang to study them from within. The researcher normally puts themselves in a position where they are in the main part of the group, and they usually study the activities and attitudes of the different gang/group members.The observation is usually carefully thought through with(predicate), & it is usually recorded in field notes, and dope often take months, even years to complete. Participant Observation usually doesnt derail with a definite hypothesis, so new ideas and thoughts about the group or the vogue that an idea whitethorn turn out usually come through when the commentator is part of the group. You can either do manifest (people know you are doing it) or covert (undercover) observations, or even a combination of both.Although this whitethorn seem like a very kosher method to use, at that place are quite a few disadvantages of doing this Bias is a concern because if the observer starts being drawn into the group, their own views will be abandoned because they may start seeing things through the groups eyes, and may blind the researcher to other views that may be available. The influence of the researcher may also be a problem, because if a group know that they are being studied, they may alter their behaviour, and so the research is pointless.For example, with James Patricks study of a Glaswegian Gang, he was suspected of holding back in fights and being unwilling to participate in some of the activities of the Gang, and this was pointed out by a member of the gang, but thankfully, the leader of the Gang stood up for Patrick, because he was the only one who genuinely knew that the gang was being studied. Ethical Issues are also a problem, because if the researcher goes in really deep with the group, then t hey may have to illegal or immoral activities, which may go against the researchers own values.The actual proof of the study is also a problem because you have no way of replicating the exact study, and so have no way of knowing if the research is true or not. This kind of study is also on too dinky a scale, and so you cannot repeat it again. Also, due to the micro-ness of it, you cannot make generalisations for the whole population based on one group, or if you were studying gangs and their motives for committing crimes or something like that, you cant assume that all other gangs will have the same motives.And finally, most researchers like to study the less powerful groups in society, and there has been a debate over whether this is right or not because we can possibly miss the important issues that are going on. However, there are some advantages to victimization this method, and so we cannot just assume that all sociologists see this as a bad method to use By joining a certain group, the sociologist would be able to gain knowledge of certain subjects from that groups point of view, and they would be able to fully understand the sorts of things that were going on, and gaining different perspectives.Also, you can soften new ideas from being in a new group, and this can lead you to new perspectives and ideas. You also get more of the truth and honesty if you are doing overt participant observation, so you can quite easily prove or disprove any hypotheses you have come up with. You are also to debate deeper into the group so to speak, because if you are a part of the group, then you can uncover issues that may normally remain hidden or are secretive.Participant observation is also dynamic because if you are with a group over time, you understand how they work and how attitudes and behaviour change over time. Lastly, you can dig deeper into areas that you arent typically able to reach, for example, with young offenders or religious groups. It is, however, si mplistic to assume that participant observation will automatically produce valid results, as there are many threats to this validity.

“A Soldier” by Robert Frost

Andrew Fariello Professor Didner ENC1102 MW 330-515 A Soldier by Robert freeze A Soldier by Robert Frost Robert Frosts A Soldier attracted my affaire to some degree. As a United States military veteran of a foreign war, I significantly related to the message that Robert Frost was sending. From my own private experiences that I earn endured while fighting in Operation Iraqi Freedom conflict in Iraq, Robert Frosts words exploded imagery into my mind prison-breaking open another dimension that typed words on a paper could not provide alone.His poem really hit home, creating a bond amid the poem and myself, making A Soldier a wonderful poem for me to analyze. In the poem A Soldier, Robert Frost uses a hurled lance that will finally rot away to symbolize a dead solider that too, will be forgotten soon. Frost is describing a spend that has been killed by war, and has been forgotten due to the accompaniment that the soldier is just that a soldier, a killer that had been killed for an unimportant ugly cause. Robert Frost portrays an image that the soldier did live for a greater cause, and should be remembered for it.Robert Frost premier describes a lance that has suffer to rest on the ground, and will soon rot away. He is that fallen lance that lies as hurled, That lies unlifted now, come dew, come rust, He is that fallen lance that lies, and That lies unlifted, tells the reader that the soldier is dead. The fallen lance is He, the soldier. Lies unlifted tells the reader that the soldier is dead, not uplifted as the reader would expect to necessitate read rather than the word unlifted. The lance, which is the soldier, will wither away just as a lance left in the ground would rust away. accordingly Frost tells his readers that society doesnt see the soldiers life important passable to have solved anything, and that the soldiers death didnt have any meaning. Before Frost tells his readers this, he first gives a hint that the soldiers death did have meaning. But still lies pointed as it ploughed the dust. If we who sight along round the world, See nothing worthy to have been its mark, It is because like men we look too near,Forgetting that as fitted to the spear, See nothing worthy to have been its mark symbolizes that the soldier wasnt worthy, or important enough to have come to lie permanently in the dust, or the earth. Although society couldnt see a larger picture, and no meaning behind the soldiers death, as Frost portrays as men who look too near, the soldier did, in fact, have a greater meaning to it all. Frost portrays this theory by extending the lance, or solider pointed as it ploughed the dust, meaning the solider was pointed in the right direction in his life.Lastly, Frost describes the burden that is created from our weapons, but shows us that the soldier will be triumphant after his death. Our missiles always make too short an arc. They fall, they rip the grass, they sweep The curve of Earth, and striking, break their ow n They make us cringe for metal-point on stone. But this we know, the obstacle that checked And tripped the body, shot the sprit on Further than locate ever showed or shone. Too short an arc, and they intersect, symbolizes that our weapons are designed to come down to earth and destroy. Break their own and metal-point to stone symbolizes that once the weapons do come down, they will destroy their own belt along and their creations. The soldier though, tripped and shot the sprit on, depicting that he is in a better place now. And the soldier is now at peace. Robert Frost used rhyme to keep the readers interest, and implemented it truly cleverly into his poem. The last word in the first line of his poem rhymes with the last word of the fourth line.And the last word of the very next line rhymes with the last word of the eighth line, which is the same interval of lines between the first and fourth lines. This pattern continues throughout the poem, and the lines that are in the in-be tween of these intervals, also have their last words rhyming with each other. In conclusion, Robert Frost paints an image of a passed soldier that many may have been forgotten. Although just now few will see the bigger picture behind the soldiers death, the soldiers sprit has moved on to a place where it cant be exposed anymore Further than target ever showed or shown.

Bartleby the Scrivener: A Story of Wall Street

Bartleby the Scrivener A Story of Wall Street is star of the most celebrated short stories written by world ren giveed author Herman Melville. John Self in his article in The Asylum describes the defy as a keyst mavin of modern literature. Published anonymously in November and December of 1853, it was again reprinted in The Piazza Tales in 1856.Much as it is a classic, it however baffles a lot of critics and fix been subjected to various interpretations by many. The story of Bartleby continues to live on and tells of a story that is honest and profound.The best interpretation of the story which is late rooted in the cultural and actual economic makings of the United States is the theme that exploits the rise of capitalism during the era prior to the writing of the story. This makes the story something that is relevant and makes it a faithful account of the existentities of the society during that develop track downforcet in the US economy. The economic transformation that ha ppened did non only modernize the country but also moved(p) the psyche of the exerciseing class as well as the personal relationship between employers and employees.The Wall Street being a major segment of the story and considering the fact that it is currently one of the financial hubs of the US, one muckle assume that the author has a good eye for future financial potential. Allan Moore Emery, in his article The Alternatives of Melvilles Bartleby, praises Herman Melville in his scholarly use of philosophy, theology and actual sources as he injected them with subtlety into his work. To have a thorough grasp of the the theme, one has to analyse the different elements in the story to see a clearer picture of how it relates to capitalism.The story is narrated by a lawyer who has a business of taking care of mortagages, bonds, and statute title deeds of wealthy men. This alone showcases the proliferation of real estates and high rise buildings during that time in New York creati ng a financial market that involves the employment of lawyers by men to protect their assets and properties. This further emphasizes that capitalists have acquired capital and required proper documentation for ease of business transactions. In the story, the lawyer already employs 2 scriveners, Nippers and flop, who copy effective documents by hand.He also has Ginger Nut who works as the office errand boy. The author in a way does not give specific enlarge into his personal description of his characters making them all the more(prenominal) interesting and intriguing. However, it is not fitted how the author refers to his supply using nicknames and not by their formal wedded names. mavin can assume of the impersonal relationship of the lawyers with his workers. Here, the dominance felt by the upper classes is accentuated because of the actuations of the lawyer being the top person in the ladder.He feels that because he is the one paying the salary of his employees, he has pow er over them inside the office. He describes them in a manner that is not very flattering. He comments that though Turkey works well in the morning, his output deteriorates in the afternoon. Opposite is the case for Nipper, who because of his indigestion, works better in the afternoon than in the morning. Ginger Nut was given the nickname because he was always asked to fetch Ginger Nut cakes for the two scriveners. Here, Melville has a stab at humor to hide the sarcasm that is evident in the descriptions.The lawyer though pointing out the quality of his mens work always has a critique for their work attitude. He points out their malfunctions but never evening admitting any shortcomings from his side. The different characters of the employees are a representation of the structure in a capitalist environment. The staff embodies a work force that have piddling room for advancement and functional on monotonous tasks that takes a lot of patience in the long run. To cope with the intel lectual dead end, one can be physically affected or find short means of escape to fathom the same work everyday.Thus, the break in the output of the lawyers staff is their way of coping with the stress of monotony. The story then further unfolds in the introduction of Bartleby who was hired by the lawyer to act as a ordinal scrivener because of his growing business. Bartlebys disposition can be described as eccentric and forlorn. A lot of the critics cannot help themselves to compare the attitude of Bartleby to Herman Melville. When Melville wrote this, it was a time in his life that he was also experiencing depression because of the failure of his work Moby Dick.A lot of the readers assumed that he probably patterned the character of Bartleby to his own (SparkNotes Editors). Bartleby appeared to be a satisactory worker with quality output as is characteristic of new hired employees in an industrial setting. The day came when he said the famous line that was the turning point of th e whole story. When asked to proofread a copied document Bartleby said, I would prefer not to (Melville 18). This astounded the lawyer but made him more curious of the personality of Bartleby.In the normal business world of today, one only has to finish the sentence before being escorted out by security. In the story, Bartleby was not fired right away because the lawyer entertained the throught of compassion and considered Bartleby as a charity case. He further mentions how he found out that his firm scrivener lives and eats in his office. This may be interpreted as showing that the employers feel that their employees are dependent on them for their immediate needs. This clearly shows the capitalist idea that the working class are being fed by their hands.Bartlebys limitless refusal is symbolic of his impertinence to be a slave to capitalism. Melville skillfully adumbrate how Bartleby gave up his work entirely and chose to do nothing. This is suggestive of his rejection to conform to the exploitative nature of capitalists. The conflict that arised between Bartleby and his collegues is imminent in the actual workplace. It shows of the struggles between individuals who have different views. It separates those who are management underdogs from those who are courageous enough to effect change.Turkey and Nippers agitation at Bartleby is evident of their clear imprisonment to their dependency on their work and their inability to do something about it because of their age and probably their destroyed morale. Eventually, because of the exhaustion felt by the lawyer to the antics of Bartleby, he decided to leave his office. Bartleby created a blare in the old office because of his refusal to move out and was eventually taken by the police and imprisoned. This shows how property rights were strongly enforced during that time.Furthermore, Bartlebys act of sleeping on the corridors gives more emphasis on the gap between the capitalist and the working class. Though the lawyer tried to offer his house to Bartleby, one cannot be reliable of the sincerity of it. One can interpret this as a way of pacification to alleviate the current condition of Bartleby. The capitalists often sugar coat their intentions to bribe and make the working class feel that there is something good that they can offer back. If Bartleby agreed on the lawyers terms, he knew that it would be for a fee.He recognized this outright which made him refuse the offer. The lawyers additional act of compassion despite Bartlebys indifference was to make sure that Bartleby was well fed in the prison. It seems that because of the growing capitalist power, they were able to form laws and punishments that will inhibit the obstinate acts of the workers but making it still appear moral by finding means of appeasing them as what is shown by the act of the lawyer. It is a way of paying for their conscience rather than a genuine act of compassion.The death of Bartleby is an abrupt end that prov ided yet another light interpretation from the readers. His refusal to eat the food offered him is an act of self-preservation wherein until his last breath, he never allowed to get swallowed by the capitalist power and died with his principles intact. The story ends with the lawyers uncovering of Bartlebys past. Bartleby used to work in a Dead Letter Office and the lawyer assumed that this was the cause of Bartlebys absurd behavior. It is arrogant of the lawyer to assume this without further knowledge of the real story behind Bartlebys life.It may be that his depression was not caused by the nature of his former work but the mere closing of it. The change of validation that was the alleged cause of the Dead Letter Offices closing is symbolic of the capitalists rise in power paving the way for a structure that is discriminate of the working class. In closing, Bartlebys sruggle is reminiscent of an era that shaped the current working environment and tells of a story that is not aim ed for confusion but for intellectual furtherance. Works Cited Emery, Allan Moore.The Alternatives of Melvilles Bartleby. calcium The University of California Press, 1976. Melville, Herman. Bartleby the Scrivener. Pennsylvania Pennsylvania State University, 2002. Self, John. Herman Melville Bartleby the Scrivener. The Asylum. 7 June 2010 http//theasylum. wordpress. com/2009/05/21/herman-melville-bartleby-the-scrivener/ SparkNotes Editors. SparkNote on Melville Stories. SparkNotes. com. SparkNotes LLC. n. d. 7 Jun. 2010.

Maps of Geology

There atomic number 18 contrastive phenomena happening in the earths crust and some of those are the occurrence of folds and cracks. Both phenomena are caused by forces like tension and compression. Folds are bends in the rock surfaces while Faults are fractures in the earths crust which allows blocks of rocks to move relative to one another. When this sweat becomes rapid, it results to earthquakes (What is a fault? , 2008). Since there are two blocks of rocks involved in a fault, the block which is above the fault plane is the Hanging-wall while the block below the fault plane is called the Footwall (Laske, 2006).There are three general types of faults the Dip-slip, Strike-slip and the Oblique faults. A Dip-slip fault is a type of fault wherein the movement is vertical. Here, one block of rock moves up and the other moves down. In the Dip-slip fault, the fracture may be categorise as either a Normal or a Reverse fault. For the Normal type, the Hanging-wall moves down while the Footwall moves up. This type of fault is caused by tensional stress. remote the Normal type, the Reverse fault has a Hanging-wall that moves up and a Footwall that moves down.The force responsible for this fault is the compressional stress. A Strike-slip fault is a type of fault where the movement of the blocks is horizontal. Strike-slip faults tooshie be classified according to the displacement of the block farther when viewed facing the fault line. If the displacement is to the left, then it is a left-lateral fault otherwise it is a right-lateral fault (Gore, 1996). As for faults exhibiting the vertical as well as the horizontal movement, those are classified as the Oblique type of fault (What is a fault? , 2008).A famous right-lateral fault is the San Andreas Fault which involves the North American and Pacific plates. If this would continue its activity, there will be more earthquakes in the area and it is also possible that the two plates involved will be really far from eac h other as time Faults, Folds, Maps 3 comes (Fialko, 2006). With this, one should be really prompt because reported earthquakes in this area are dangerous. People there should be taught on how to deal with this type of situation. Mapping has already been an important part of society.Maps can show a lot of information about a place depending on what kind of map that is. One kind of map used is the topographical map wherein contour lines are used to show the surface of the earth. These lines are imaginary lines with equal elevations that can be used for detailed features of an area like streets, vegetation and buildings (Topographic Map Symbols, 2005). Another kind of map used is the Geologic map. Unlike the Topographic map, this maps concern is to show the geologic details of the area like billets of folds and faults and types of rock present.Also, geologic maps have distinctive colors which represent different geological units (Geologic Maps, 2000). Figure 1 is an voice of a mou ntain and to be able to identify the slope of the land surface, one can use a Topographic map. If the contour lines that will be seen after mapping the area lie close to each other, the slope is steep otherwise the land surface has a gradual slope (Rosenberg, 2007). create a house in a location like that of the illustration may be hard but it may be possible if the location that will be chosen has rocks and soil that are stable and far from folds and fault lines.This is because one would not want a house built in a place with frequent earthquakes and can be easily ruined by landslides and the like. This may be done by mapping the area by means of a geologic map. Faults, Folds, Maps 4 Figure 1. An illustration of a cone of a former mountain. As said earlier, different phenomena are caused by different stresses. The compressional, shear and tensional stresses can help form structural features in rocks such as faults, dikes, sills, and bedding planes. Locations for establishing a pla ce also depends on these factors.Canmore community of interests for example may have been established in its location because of that. Faults, Folds, Maps 5 References Fialko, Y. (2006). Interseismic strain accumulation and the earthquake potential on the southern San Andreas fault system. Nature, 441(June 22 2006), 968-971. Geologic Maps. (2000, September 25, 2000). Retrieved June 30, 2008, from http//www. nature. nps. gov/geology/usgsnps/gmap/gmap1. htmlcolor Gore, P. J. W. (1996). Faults. Retrieved June 30, 2008, from http//facstaff. gpc. edu/pgore/geology/geo101/faults. htm Laske, G. (2006). Earthquakes and Seismology.Retrieved June 30, 2008, from http//quakeinfo. ucsd. edu/gabi/erth15-06/Lecture06. html National Mapping Discipline, U. S. Geological Survey. Topographic Map Symbols. (2005). from http//erg. usgs. gov/isb/pubs/booklets/symbols/ Rosenberg, M. (2007). Topographic Maps An Overview of Topographic Maps Electronic Version. Retrieved June 30, 2008, from http//geography. a bout. com/od/topographicmaps/a/topographicmaps. htm UC Berkeley seismologic Laboratory. What is a fault? (2008). Retrieved June 30, 2008, from http//seismo. berkeley. edu/faq/fault_0. html

Safeguarding Adults And Promoting Independence

In this assignment I will be explaining how, the residential help home, of which I carried out my low gear placement promotes independence and reduces the risk of abuse and spend. I will do this by explaining and discussing approaches, strategies, principles and will then evaluate the role of multi-agency working in reduction the risk of abuse. Although the residential cope homes occupants, are all unable to fully look after themselves, primarily due to age and related health problems.Each work user had a different set of needs that needed to be met, to provide adequate care and in order to reduce the risk of neglect or abuse. When taking into account a value users needs and independence, confidentiality, rights and overall care. The main requirements employees, organisations and other care providers involved in the care of the residents of the care home are To improve the service users way of life, provide choice inform the service user and family of their treatment, recovery , and care platform and to protect. This is also known as the core principles of care/ care value base.The principles and value that will follow, are the set standards expected to be followed by the care assistants and nurses. And for the service users of the home to receive. The principles the care home follows are To support and encourage equality, diversity and to maintain confidentiality of the service users knowledge and that the employees and employer deliver respect, dignity, fairness, privacy and equality. The overall work out of the principles and standards is to improve the service users quality of life by making sure that each individual gets the care that is individually needed.A person-centred approach is an assessment analysis and Judgment, plan, use and evaluate is an ongoing plan assessing an individuals Needs. Effective communication between service users and employee to employees and practitioner to external professionals should be paramount. Anti-discriminator y practice essential be practiced and maintained by the service providers and person-to-person opinions and or dislikes should not be brought into the working environment in order to stay professional.The service provider should aim to provide a safe secure and encouraging environment for adults they have a duty of care. The practitioners should focuses on the individuals personal needs, wants, desires and goals so that they become central to the care process. Principles of person centred care 1. Getting to know the patient or client as a person This focuses on building a relationship between the clinician and the patient/client and carers. Health professionals need to get to know the person beyond their diagnosis. 2.Sharing of power and responsibility This focuses on respecting preferences. It includes treating patients / clients as partners when setting goals, planning care and making decisions about care, treatment or outcomes. 3. Accessibility and flexibility This focuses on m eeting patients and clients individual needs by being sensitive to values, preference and expressed needs. It also focuses on giving the patient / client choice by giving timely, complete and accurate information in a manner they can understand so they can make choices about their care.

Agricultural Production in Ancient Civilizations Essay

During the purpose of 500 C. E 1000 C. E. ancient civilizations in North and South America and mainland China cultivated and gradually moved from the hunt club and gathering lifestyles. These civilizations drifted towards nutrient collection and then farming. This approach, crops and attitudes toward agriculture varied with culture. With the Native Americans and the Ancient Chinese during 500 C. E 1000 C. E. have both differences and similarities towards bucolic production. Document 1, tells of a story intimately how Maria Manuela de Cora (an Inca Author) passes along ancient legends. One that is called Seeds that says that one day the son of the sun kills a child that was make by the sun. The son of the sun got scared of the anger of his father and scattered about the world the pieces of his murdered brother. It tells that his body parts like his teeth grew corn. This would be a story about the creation of corn, why it was there and how.However, document 7 talks of an Ancient Chinese Legend. This talks more about that concomitant that if you took the weeds you could fertilize the farmers crops. With each story tells something to do with farming. How that one, thing is made or how to make their crops better. Document 5, is a diagram of a hunting scene and peasants working in a field in Ancient China. This illustration gave a reason for historians to track the development of tool- and weapon qualification in organization in agrarian and artisan production as well as the leisure activities of officials and the landed elites. With document 3 talks about Mesoamerican origins. Historians talk about that current archaeological evidence cannot pinpoint a single location where Indian agriculture began or determine just now why the Indians became agriculturists.They did though have records that suggested that the cultivation and domestication of plants. With the painting and the records gave historians a better view of each hunting scene and peasants working i n fields. During the period of 500 C. E 1000 C. E. ancient civilizations in North and South America and China cultivated and gradually moved from the hunting and gathering lifestyles. These civilizations drifted towards food collection and then farming. With this approach, crops and attitudes toward agriculture varied with culture. With the Native Americans and the Ancient Chinese during 500 C. E 1000 C. E. have both differences and similarities towards agricultural production. Showing that China was more into the facts then stories like Mesoamerica to explain the reasoning of agricultural in both of China and Native Americans.

Political economic social technological environmental and legal analysis

The ground of Pakistan is one which is really volatile in footings of political stableness. The current authorities is a democracy which was elective into parliament in February 2008, after its prima political individual Benazir Bhutto was assassinated in December 2007. The last authorities was headed by Mr. Pervez Musharraf who resigned as head of troops staff and president of Pakistan, thereby stoping the troops regulation in Pakistan which lasted about 8 one-time(a) ages. The current authorities has been in power for 3 obsolete ages now and is expected to stay until the 2013 elections. Historically, the administrative bureaus of the authorities consider been noted to be extremely corrupt and uneffective which has non changed with the b ar-ass democratic authorities.One of the major(ip) political f symboliseors in Pakistan is the go oning warf ar on consternation. Ever since the September 11 onslaughts on the World batch centre in New York, Pakistan has been confronting terrorist act issues. Between 2002 and 2010, Pakistan has incurred a full cost of 43 billion dollars. The figure of terrorist onslaughts since 2002 entire 8,141 incidents incurring entire casualties of 8,875 with more than 20,000 injured. This has caused negative promotion of Pakistan to the planetary initiation and has affected Pakistan in m both ways. These includeDamage to substructure, such as roads and railroadsLoss of Foreign investingsDiversion of budgets to fund this war on panicLoss of the already deteriorating touristry industryLoss of lives of the people of Pakistan all(prenominal) bit good as aliens( Economic Survey of Pakistan 2009-2010 )Any single or organisation sing puting in Pakistan willing hold to weigh the benefits versus the hazards of puting in such an insecure political environment. Unilever and a figure of transnational companies have to projection screen with the hazards of such a hostile environment. The higher hazard leads to hesitant attack on carr y oning major investings on bettering chafe chances or developing bleak concern chances.Smuggling of tea through Afghan Transit Trade AgreementThe ATTA ( Afghan Transit Trade Agreement ) was signed in 1965. This agreement was for the promotion of Afghanistan but this provided chances to smuggle points under it, such as Surs and black tea.( Tea intelligence direct Kenya seeks reductiona.. , Tribune Govt. ignores tea smugglinga.. )Afghan people ( 25 trillion ) ar largely green tea drinkers ( day-to-day times proposal of marriage to exempta.. ) But it imports black tea more than its one-year ingestion and this tea is so sold in Pakistani grocery before it r all(prenominal)es Afghanistan. This malpractice is non but doing harm to national treasury, through lost income, but excessively to the legal importers of tea, of which 1 is Unilever Pakistan.In 2007-08 legal imports were 103,230,355kg while illegal imports were 68,001,625kgIn 2008-09 legal imports were 102,021,150kg while i llegal imports were 90,991,848kgIn 2009-10 legal imports were 88,627,724kg while illegal imports were 93,089,436kg( day-to-day times proposal to exempta.. ) everyplace the three financial old ages, legal tea imports are diminishing whereas smuggled tea is change magnitude. In 2009-2010, it is seen that the degree of bootleg tea has surpassed the legal imports.The state of affairs has worsened because the authorities, alternatively of pickings any bold stairss to halt this maltreatment of understanding, it has farther increase its revenue enhancements and responsibilities on imports. Depreciation of rupee against dollar and increasing input costs has farther intensified the job for legal importers like Unilever.Legal importers have to pay 33.7 % revenue enhancement ( 10 % imposts responsibility, 17 % hoggish revenues revenue enhancement, 5 % beforehand income revenue enhancement and 1 % Particular Excise Duty ) while cost to runners is approx. 16.7 %( day-to-day times proposal to e xempta . )In 2009, The Pakistan Tea Association ( PTA ) and the Federation of the Pakistan Chambers of Commerce and Industry ( FPCCI ) suggested that tea should be removed from ATT list. Later, in 2010, PTA has recommended cut downing general gross revenues revenue enhancement to 7.5 % and relieving usage responsibility to eliminate the inducement for smuggling.Unilever shaper of two of the most celeb deemd tea trade name calling of Pakistan i-e Lipton and Brook Bond. It has close its Lipton works at Karachi in 2008 because of the crisp diminution in drinks section.Other issues to seeAn separate issue is the forgery merchandises available in the market. This is doing jobs for bonafide participants like Unilever. When the chief executive officer of Unilever spherical, Paul Polman, visited the Pakistan market, he had similar comments.Harmonizing to South Asiatic intelligence bureau, 2010, On the topic of forgery merchandises found in the state he said he would wish the authorities to make much more to control this really unsafe pattern. Unilever merchandises like Supreme Tea, Rafhan custard, Fair and Lovely pick and Sunsilk shampoo are amongst the most to endure from this pattern. Counterfeit in Food merchandises groundwork be really unsafe, said Polman. The authorities of Pakistan is non taking any strict stairss to deter this pattern.The Pakistan nix crisis has been in being for a long clip now, but collect to the of all time increasing population and demand for more energy, the Pakistan authorities has still to bridge the spread between energy supply and demand. This state of affairs has worsened in the latest old ages taking to monolithic power cuts to industries taking to downtime. Unilever Pakistan s trade name Walls Ice pick has besides been affected by this state of affairs at its ice pick mill. Other industries have reverted to self-electrical coevals to run into their energy demands Unilever Pakistan may necessitate to see this option every bit good.In add-on to normal import responsibility, 25 % restrictive responsibility was imposed in 2008 on numerous points, including laundry purifying, to promote local investing and fabrication. However, this regulative responsibility on purifying was removed in the budget of 2009-10 which negatively impacted the grosss of local industries as a consequence of increased imports. The laundry detergent sector is turning at a rate of 10 % per twelvemonth and competition in this sector is intense. Unilever is taking in value through its trade name SURF after deriving market portion from P & A G s ARIEL. While Colgate Palmolive is taking it in volume through its trade name BONUS. ( day-to-day times detergent pulverization industry demands.. )ECONOMICLocal investing creates occupations contributes to economic frame FDI above issue can be relatedWealth creative activity, poorness decreaseThe economic system of Pakistan, although confronting many challenges, is steady turning. Gros s domestic Product ( GDP ) has been turning steadily, although in 2008-2009, it saw the lowest slack in history due to many factors described below. The consumer monetary value index, i.e. rising prices has reached dual figures in the last 3 financial old ages due to the planetary consequence of trade good monetary values, among other things. Income per capita has been increasing at an mean rate of 16 % in rupee footings and at an mean rate of 9 % in USD footings.The economic system of Pakistan in the twelvemonth 2007-2008 faced legion challenges, non still from domestic issues, but besides the international influences caused by the planetary pecuniary crisis. Due to the planetary economic downturn faced by the USA and Europe states, Pakistan s exports were affected with lower demand for its chief prized export fabrics, in the USA. Besides, the billowing costs of nutrient and fossil oil monetary values and other trade goods in the in planetary market caused the high degrees of r ising prices that hit the economic system in 2008. coupled with the domestic issues of political instability, utmost power deficits and disgusting security environment, the Pakistan economic system faced several challenges.In 2008-2009, Pakistan saw its lowest GDP growing, with merely a 1.2 % addition in GDP for the twelvemonth. This twelvemonth was rattled by political uncertainness, due to the new democratic authorities, after 8 old ages of military regulation by the old president. However, the deterioration planetary fiscal crisis besides caused a big diminution in the exports of Pakistan. Pakistani Rupee is deteriorating in value, in 2008-2009 exchange rates jumped from 60 PKR/USD to 78 PKR/USD. This along with the deficit of electricity and high rising prices in Pakistan were the high spots of lower GDP.Another major factor is the go oning war on panic in the northwest tribal parts of Pakistan. The cumulative impact on Pakistan, of this war on panic, has been $ 43 billion for t he old ages 2005-2010. This war causes terrible complications to the economic system of Pakistan, including lower GDP growing, reduced foreign direct investings, loss of occupations, and non to advert, the recreation of resources to fund the war on panic.In 2009-2010, the economic system of Pakistan stabilized with a GDP growing of 4.1 % Although Pakistan still faces legion issues such as the offense of the war on panic, energy and H2O deficits, and the internal security state of affairs it still has recovered due to turning exports and lower rising prices as compared with anterior old ages. Pakistan besides received a loan from the IMF which it has used to construct up its foreign militias and acquire its economic system back on path.Another concern is some policies adopted by the authorities do non back up local fabrication and development activities. As celebrated above, the authorities of Pakistan had imposed a high import responsibility on laundry detergent pulverization ( LDP ) in its Budget of 2008, but revoked this responsibility in 2009-2010 budget. Doing so, importing is now the cheaper ascendant for LDP, alternatively of fabricating it locally. This has had effects on the local makers. A sum of 3 fabricating units exist in Pakistan, using approx. 1,000 workers. The local makers were be aftering on increasing merchandise capacity by puting in farther workss and supplying extra occupations. With the higher responsibilities being revoked, programs have been delayed by makers, thereby damaging the economic system of Pakistan.( day-to-day times detergent pulverization industry demands.. )Unilever Global and Unilever Pakistan usage Palm oil as a major input into many of their merchandises. It is true used in ice pick and soap bars, whereas its byproduct is used in laundry detergent and besides the personal attention section. The planetary fiscal crisis paired with lifting rising prices saw unprecedented high degrees of monetary values of Palm oil. The se high natural stuff input costs affect the trading operations of Unilever Pakistan. Below is a graph demoing the fluctuations of Palm oil monetary valuesThe monetary value of thenar oil has neer surged every bit much as it has in the last twosome old ages. The higher monetary value in early 2008 was due to high ingestion and demand, nevertheless, this fell abruptly in late 2008 due to frights of recession. A similar form can be observed with other trade goods such as gum springlike and oil. The monetary value of palm oil remained above the $ 600 grade in 2009 and has now surged one time once more in Q4 of 2010 due to increased planetary demand. Bing one of the key inputs to its sections, Unilever Pakistan needs to see other surrogate schemes to fudge this hazard of volatile thenar oil monetary values.SOCIO-CULTURALGlobal trade names are customized harmonizing to the needs/culture of Pakistani peopleBusiness Partner codification includes 10 rules which relates to the duty toward s the employees, environment and the environment. ( providers are required to raise their criterions to Business Partner statute )Health/nutritionPakistan is one of the outstanding developing states of South Asia. Originally its population was concentrated in the rural countries, but recent tendencies have shown turning urbanisation. Pakistan s entire population is 173.51 million, out of with 63.05 million represent urban populations and 110.46 million unrecorded in rural countries. Population pyramids show that Pakistan s population is chiefly increasing in the lower age groups of age 15-29 old ages old. This class has well increased over the old ages. With higher population and higher income per individual, consumer life styles are altering and people have higher disposable income to pass on merchandises available in the market. Still, Unilever does non aim merely one category of consumers. Its merchandise furtherance and costs are designed in a manner to appeal to all the peopl e of society. For high priced merchandises, Unilever Pakistan has introduced mini sachet packaging with lower volume of the merchandise, so that even the lower category consumers can buy and utilize them.Economic deliberate of Pakistan well-disposed and environmental Report of UnileverPakistan s bulk population are Muslims, due to this all merchandises need to be halal, in conformity with Islamic instructions. Halal means allowed or permitted, in conformity with Islamic instructions. Any companies runing in Pakistan, specifically those who have any nexus with consumers need to guarantee that all their operations, ingredients, and methods are in conformity with Islam otherwise, their merchandises will be labeled as un-Islamic and will non last in the market.Unilever faced negative promotion from non merely the local populace, but besides from the International populace and International Union of Food ( IUF ) due to its pattern of engaging a monolithic labour force for production of its merchandises, on a impermanent footing, without supplying any employee benefits. In 2007, Unilever is acclaimed to hold merely 509 lasting employees out of some 8,000 entire employees. The run for employee rights lasted for a period of 2 old ages from 2007 to 2009, after which Unilever reached an understanding with the IUF presenting pecuniary hard currency payments to employees every bit good as the promise of supplying extra permanent occupations.Numerous Tea ArticlesUnilever besides hosted a world show through its trade name of Clear shampoo in which contestants were given legion challenges to get the better of to win a major award. However, due to miss of proper preventive steps, a contestant, Saad Khan, drowned in a swimming challenge on the show. This incident proved to be really detrimental to the reputation Unilever for non holding proper refuge agreements which led to this tragic incident. Unilever Pakistan denied all liability for the incident, which farther aggra vated this issue.Media ITE World show kills contestantTimess online UK Pakistan world Television contestant, Saad Khan, drowns executing challengeCorporate Social ResponsibilityUnilever Pakistan actively engages itself in its Corporate Social Responsibility ( CSR ) activities. It focuses on the undermentioned societal factors wellness, wellbeing, hygiene, nutrition, health care, instruction, and authorization. Alternatively of utilizing its ain corporate name Unilever, it focuses on a procedure called Brand Imprinting whereas it advertises its chief trade names through its CSR enterprises. Its CSR activities and trade names areSurf Excel Laundry detergent PowderUnilever has related this trade name to its enterprise of act uponing sound & amp physical growing every bit good as lucid development in kids. Unilever Pakistan, in concurrence with Idara-e-Taleem-o-Aagahi ( ITA ) , helps convey consciousness to parents about the importance of physical activity to advance mental and physical growing among kids. The federation besides worked towards developing legion instructors and supplying course of studies to advance activity based acquisition. Unilever Pakistan besides organized an Art competition back uping this subject and make legion resort areas for kids in rural countries.Lifebuoy Soap and shampooThis trade name relates to the demand for a healthy and hygiene environment in any place. Unilever spouses with United States Agency for International Development ( USAID ) and Pakistan PovertyRelief Fundss ( PPAF ) in raising consciousness among different territories across Pakistan about the importance of basic hygiene. It besides helps patronize the Global manus rinsing twenty-four hours in Pakistan.Blue band Margarine spreadBlue set promotes the consciousness and demand of healthy nutrition. Unilever helps advance nutrition by developing its merchandise in such ways that they become healthy. Whether it be cutting trans-fat from its oleos or adding Ca to its ice pick, Unilever aims to be a healthy merchandise maker. Unilever besides helps supply free repasts by lending to them itself, every bit good as operate an employee plan whereas each employee has a pick of feeding a kid for a really nominal sum of Rs. 375 per month. In 2009, more than 500 employees opted for this and helped cut down kid hungriness in Pakistan.Other enterprisesUnilever Pakistan provides support and grants to legion establishments in Pakistan. These includeSupporting oculus attention, kidney, and general infirmaries and patients.Supporting a scope of Educational establishments such as humanistic disciplines, concern, manner, scientific discipline, and technology pupils.Supporting different organisations and establishments every twelvemonth by offering grants after they satisfy the demands.Social and Environmental study UnileverUnilever Pakistan besides contributes to natural catastrophes and other unanticipated events in Pakistan. The most recent part of thi s nature was of 1 million Euros every bit good many necessity points of soap, toothpaste, and shampoo in August 2010 after the inundation had destroyed places of 1000s of people.Daily times Unilever to assist inundation affecteesUnilever Pakistan besides supports its employees in many ways. It introduced a plan of flexi-hours in which eligible employees could take the work displacements that they want to come to the office in, whether forenoon, midday, or dark. The latest add-on is the pilot programme of Agile workings . In this, certain eligible employees may take to work from their places alternatively of coming to the office every twenty-four hours. The chief focal point is to do work an activity, non a topographic point Due to this and many other benefits, Unilever Pakistan has won the Pakistan Society for Human Resource Management s ( PSHRM ) Most best-loved Graduate Employer Award 2008 and is at the top of the list of many MBA, technology, and IT pupils pick of the topo graphic point to work after graduation.Unilever s success illustrates the promiseaUnilever website hypertext transfer protocol //www.unilever.pk/aboutus/newsandmedia/news/unileverpakistanwinstwoawards.aspxThe Express Tribune Unilever tries out Agile working TECHNOLOGICALDue to the nature of operations of the FMCG industry, it is non runing in a fact paced technological environment, such as nomadic phones or laptops. Rather, its chief technological factors come into position in its fabrication capableness utilizing province of the art fabrication methods and besides, its supply and distribution methods.Unilever Pakistan is a subordinate of Unilever Global. Unilever Global has over 6,000 Research and development staff employed worldwide, and merely in 2009, it spent 891 million Euros on Research and Development outgo. Unilever Pakistan, with its ultimate planetary parent, can take advantage of the advanced potency of Unilever planetary and utilize its competencies utilizing province of the art engineering to derive a competitory advantage in its local Pakistan market.hypertext transfer protocol //www.unilever.pk/innovation/Unilever Pakistan uses the cyberspace to entree Unilever Global on-line E-learning faculty to develop its employees and maintain them up to day of the month on new occurrences in Unilever. This technological betterment has helped Unilever conduct preparations of many of its employees without holding to incur monolithic costs for going and lodging. Use of this faculty ensures that all preparations given to employees globally are indistinguishable.Social and Environmental study UnileverENVIRONMENTALBusiness Partner Code includes 10 rules which relates to the duty towards the employees, environment and the environment. ( providers are required to raise their criterions to Business Partner Code )Climate alteration H2O scarceness

President Jackson Guardian of the Constitution

With good intention of building a nation based on principles of freedom, opportunity, and stirity, the unite States early leaders had many struggles in doing so. A utopia realness digest be imagined and planned out, and tribulations will always occur, making a utopia impossible to be created. The capital of Mississippiian Democrats viewed themselves as the guardians of the Constitution, individual liberty, and equal opportunity, hardly then again, tribulations be inevitable. Jacksonian Democrats took on the duty of support the country from mostly out of doors powers, but also from problems that take place in the country.The Declaration gives the Ameri cigaret man many rights, which can be, and will be abused. Document A explains how the Jacksonians recognized this, and again, with good intent, they have assigned themselves as an nonionic party, with leaders of high meaning to protect any misuse of the said freedoms in the Declaration. President Jackson takes a commanding st ep in his faith of defending the country in his foreclose of the joined States Bank re-charter showed in Document B. He gives a good argument for why the Bank is disrupting and wounding to the united States, and his veto is because he is trying to protect the join States.Document D shows how the United States was already very prospering, and the document really emphasizes the amazement of individual liberty. Never before, anywhere else in the modernized world was the a working democracy, but the United States seemed to be a very able country make up with individual liberty. The writer claims she was painfully amazed when the question was up-rose of whether the people are encouraged to govern themselves, she was strike because it looked as if it was a great environment. Document E tells of how a riot broke out in Philadelphia because of the issue of slavery, and black discrimination.This is a struggle that will always haunt those in power. The issue of slavery completely goes against the Democrat belief of individual liberty. The very unmoral view of the situation will claim that blacks are not considered humans, but property. Document E shows that South Carolina moves to suppress the non-slave states publishing and printing. Document G shows how the United States took the rights of the Indians in the Indian Removal Act, which led to the Trail of Tears. The Indians were forced out of their living space, and had their rights abused.In Andrew Jacksons veto explained in Document B, it shows how he is defending the equal opportunity of the United States. He says, It is to be regretted that the sizable and powerful too often bend the acts of governments to their selfish purposes. He is defending the common man and in doing so, he is also defending the Constitution. Equal Opportunity is also shown in Document F. South Carolina accepts the views of the non-slave states, but they realize the influence of of the non-slave states may be seen in the slave states, so they set restrictions on what they can print and publish in newspapers and pamphlets.They do not want the non-slave states to interrupt with their potential. The Jacksonian Democrats claimed to be defenders of the United States. They defended the Constitution, individual rights, and equal opportunity the best they could. But arguments and problems are always on the horizon, and sometimes defending them can turn someones actions on what they previously claimed their beliefs. For this, the Jacksonian Democrats were continuously challenged on their position on opposite subjects.

Fashion life

What you put on defines who you argon. Fashion is an enormous icon in our society. It is practically the involvement we can never go without. We make our very first impression by what we wear non by our personalities. They say you are what you eat but truly you are what you wear and fashion has provided us with a little something to define everyone. There are so many styluss of fashion Goth, Chic, Prep, Hippies etcetera Every style has its own description so why would we non be classified into that style and its description that fits us perfectly.What we wear can also make it easy for us to identify pile and whether they are ho we want to socialism with, I. E. An individual wearing all Goth (black colored clothing) would not befriend someone who wears preppy clothing (beige colored clothing). Fashion plays an even bigger role when it comes to uniforms do you that presuppose without uniforms we would be able to identify the authority on our streets? Do you think that we would have the same repute for a doctor in a Shares and t-shirt?A number of religions prescribed a item clothing style aside for us. Our designers are creative geniuses in all aspects. There is no translucent reason as to why we buy the yep of wardrobes we do. It could be to make a statement to get noticed, I. E. Prostitutes are easy to spot with their provocative style of fashion. Others might Just be copying the current crusade this makes it hard for to prove the theory of what you wear defines you but then we could Judge these individuals as those who have not found a style that defines them.We wear clothes to beautify ourselves to attract the attention we seek. We dress a certain way that mirrors the mood we are in, happy = bright colored clothing & sad = colorize and baggy clothing, there are many seasons as to why we take hours Just deciding what to wear because it is essential in our lives to create the correct mood, persona, background, etc. Why wouldnt one agree with this statement?We discern the clothes we wear by the way we want to be perceived by others, fact. Several options about how could one not define ones self with it. They say dont Judge a book by its acme but in the end we still go ahead and judge this is the same for fashion which is why we make sure we always look good. We do not need loincloths anymore to Just remain up it is the 21st century There is a whole new meaning to clothing ourselves.

How Japanese Shinto Related with Business Essay

The word Shintoist was adopted from the written Chinese (, pinyin shn do), combining two words shin (?), meaning spiritgods or kami and t (?), meaning a philosophical path or study This is about the study of Kami, what is KAMI? Kami be defined in face as spirits, essences or deities, there are legion(predicate) ways to understanding this in nearly cases being human-like, can be animals, and more abstract nature power in the world (mountains, rivers, lightning, wind, waves, trees, rocks). Shinto believers consider Kami and people are non separate they exist within the same world and make out its interrelated space.According to a history biography, one fact need to be emphasized, that is among all the things, not only the good, kind positive ones are the kami, those what are evil, strange, or extremely horrible things are excessively referred to as GODS.History During 5 to 8 century AD, after absorbing Chinese Confucian and Buddhistic doctrine, Shinto had became a fairly comp lete system, later on Meiji Restoration, the shinto continue to respect as a state religion, and it also became a government tool to teach people to be loyalty to the emperor. After Japans defeat in World War II in 1946, Emperor Hirohito issued a statement to deny his godhead status, which means he admitted that he is not a god, but merely a human being, the Allied commander also called for the abolition of State Shinto in Japan, Shinto started to became a folk religion, not a state religion anymore. However, Shinto is still important to the ghostlike people of Japan, accounted for more than 80% of the population are believe in it.Worship and Culture tone about Shinto The principal worship of kami is done at public shrines or worship at small home shrines called kamidana (, lit. god-shelf). The public shrine is a building or place that functions as a conduit for kami. A fewer number of shrines are also natural places called mori. The most common of the mori are quasi-religious groves of trees, or mountains, or waterfalls. All shrines are open to the public at some times or throughout the year.According to CIA, 83% of the Japanese people were born with a Shinto ceremony and 70% are dies as a Buddhist ceremony. Throughout the life of an ordinary Japanese people, they participated in many of the celebrations as an shintoist, after the 32nd day of a boy was born, and after the 33rd day a girl was born, they will be taken to the shrines of there birth place to do worship, and also when they are at the age 3, and 6,7 will also be take to the shrine to do a globe run across. And in very important days, like New year, other festivals and weddings, Japanese people also visit the kami in the shrine.

“Of mice and men is a novel that presents both the barbarity and the beauty of human nature” Essay

I agree with this because Steinbeck shows barbarity in the characters. One example of this is when Lennie kills Curleys wife by accident. I know this because it says he quickly becomes excited and holds on too tight, frighten her Lennie panics and clamps his strong hands over her m breakh to silence her This is stiff because Lennie doesnt realise that hes killed Curleys wife by stroking her hair but it shows that his actions were cruel and his chances of his American dream has been ruined. The quarrel holds on too tight shows that Lennie had got over excited while touching/stroking one of his darling things and he doesnt realise that hes held on tight and cant admit himself from letting go of her hair.The word panics shows that Lennie didnt know what to do as soon as he heard her screaming so he couldnt help but keep holding on to her. We can tell that Lennie doesnt choose to be unfounded towards people but due to his simplistic mind he just cant help it. other carriage we k now Lennie is barbaric is because of his animalistic side, Steinbeck uses the deaths of the small animals to show that despite loving to stroke nice things, he ends up cleanup position them.Steinbeck also shows the beauty of human personality in the Novel. Examples of this is when Lennie constantly gets compared to animals with his actions. I know this because it says He walked heavily, draw his feet a little, way a bear drags his paws. His arms did not swing at his sides, but hung loosely. This is effective because Lennie is being compared to an animal, a bear. A massive, sometimes violent creature. The word hung loosely shows that he was simple mind in everything he did so he didnt really think about the things he did. Another word the way a bear drags his paws shows that he was compared to a bear because of his strength and movement. Another adduce would be His huge companion dropped his blankets and flung himself down and drank from the surface of the green pool drank with long gulps, snorting into the wet worry a vaulting horse. The small man stepped nervously beside him Lennie being compared to an animal but this time, a horse who has to be kept from drinking too much water. It at least shows that he has some province to control the natural world.Another way Steinbeck shows barbarity is with the character Crooks. He gives Crooks character a disgust towards the men in the ranch. I know this because it says Crooks said shrewdly, You got no right to come in my room. This presents my room. Nobody got either right in here but me This is effective because it shows that Crooks didnt like the other men because of the way they treat him so he has to be barbaric to them. The word sharply shows that Crooks actually meant what he said although Lennie was being nice, it could also demonstrate that he wanted to take out his anger to Lennie because he realised Lennie wouldnt understand what Crooks was actually saying to him. The word nobody got any right in here shows that he wanted treat them the exact same way they treated him in the ranch. Crooks is barbaric because he was treated that way so he might aswell treat the others the way theyve been treating him. In conclusion I think Of mice and men does present the barbarity and beauty of human nature because the characters always had two sides to them whether they were happy or not so it did make the novel very interest to read.

Reflection on the History & Systems of Psychology Essay

Pre- tender-fangled, modern and postmodernist frames of reference ease up all helped plaster cast heavy, contemporary psychological theories and issues. In this motif I impart attempt, in a reflective manner, to walk by dint of and return the beas we covered in course, the end trail being to gain a measure of insight into where the field of psychology stands today, particularly with regard to autocratic forms of ethnocentric monoculturalism.In damage of pre-modern perspectives, in the course we first discussed historical issues concerning the mind-body problem. I situated the personality of the relationship between body and mind and whether they are virtuoso and the same or two straight ahead substances, which is the center of the debate between monists and dualist. Descartes, the or so well grapplen dualist, argued for a separation of mind from somebody and body. Also an interactionist, Descartes held the mind influenced the body as much as the body impacted the m ind (Goodwin, 2009). Plato, his precursor from antiquity, was as well as a dualist and an interactionist arguably, and believed the body and soul/mind were temporarily at integrity during life separately came from a completely different place, the body from the material creation and the soul from the world of ideas. At the here and now of death, the body withered away in time and space, the soul or mind returning to the world of forms and there realizing universal truths (Wozniak, 1992).Delving deeper into pre-modern views of the mind-body problem I touched upon de Spinoza. Spinoza, a contemporary of Descartes, dismissed Descartes two-substance view in favor of what is called double-aspect theory (Wozniak, 1992). Double-aspect theories hold the view that the mental and the physical realms are varying aspects of the same substance. For Spinoza, that hit substance is God, perceived as the universal essence or nature of everything in existence. In Spinozas view, there is no part ition of mind and body, therefore. Instead they are of a single substance, in a pre-established coordination, reflecting the foretell essence. In reflection, I gallop to side with Spinoza and double-aspect theory in barriers of pre-modern perspectives. I do believe that there is a pre-established coordination between mind and body that is reflective of the divine creation. I am therefore I think is my hided response to Descartes.In terms of modern perspectives in the course we examined the origins of psychology as a subject discipline. During the course I stated that psychology first appeared as a subject discipline in 1879 when Wilhelm Wundt started a psychology lab in Germany at the University of Leipzig. The laboratory devoted itself to the analysis of conscious thought in its basic elements and structures, which was uncovered through a serve well of introspection (Gross, 1996). What differentiated this new psychology at the time from philosophy was its hire of measurement and control as well as its emphasis on the scientific method to read mental processes relevant to pitying consciousness. payable to his influence on Edward B. Titchener, Wundts frame of reference arguably helped give birth to structural linguistics.Indeed Wundts disciple, Titchener, is credited with developing and labeling structuralism in an 1898 paper called The Postulates of a Structural Psychology (Goodwin, 2009). In the paper he compared and contrasted structuralism with functionalism, which he claimed infested most US universities, survive Cornell where he was cultivating what would come to becalled the the Cornell school of psychology. Notwithstanding, Goodwin (2009) has stated that Titchener and the Cornell view of psychology was extremely narrow for the most part because of its insistence on introspection and due to Titcheners attitude that his way was the only way, a agency that a lot does not bode well in academia. In this vein and perhaps arrogantly so, Titchener , exchangeablened structuralism to anatomy, its purpose being analysis he surmised whereas functionalism he kindredned to physiology, stating that functionalists examine how the mind is able to adapt atomic good turn 53 to his or her said environment, which to Titchener was a waste of time with emerge a deep understanding of structure.As one needs to know the ins and outs of human anatomy before being able to fully delve into physiology, so thus was thefunctionalist at a loss, in his view, without the ability to outline the structures of human consciousness via a super difficult process of systematic, examineal introspection as stipulated by him in almost cult like exclusivity, which spawned criticism. gibely, his movement never gained the momentum it needed to win Ameri chiffonier hearts and minds, falling into the dustbin of register in favor of functionalism. Nevertheless, in pain of Titcheners unpopularity in the US, his enduring contri justion is that he helped acqui re a place for the lab and experimental psychology in all colleges and universities with programs in psychology.While functionalists were excessively interested in looking at mental processes much(prenominal) as consciousness in so far as assessing human demeanour in terms of how it aided people in adapting to dynamic environments, they did not, unlike followers of Titchener, emphasize introspection (Goodwin, 2009). Psychologist James R. Angell, a follower of John Dewey, the founder of functionalism in America, became its most outspoken spokesperson, criticizing Titchener and drawing a sharp contrast to him in a 1907 popular paper called The Province of Functional Psychology. It was a damning response to Titcheners 1898 paper. For Angell, the structuralist wasinterested in the what? of conscious thought, whereas the functionalist psychologist gazeed to know the how? and why? of it, asking what is consciousness for? (Goodwin, 2009).This way of viewing psychology in terms of its practical lotions, became an important influence in modern times, because it led to the theme of topics such as developmental and abnormal psychology, in addition to examining the individual differences of mind, (which Titchener and the Cornell school remarkably had no interest in). When asking how psychology can be used to solve everyday problems in a practical way, we are taking from the functionalists and their movement. Perhaps the most prominent movement in the field of modern 20th century psychology was behaviorism. Behaviorism began basically due to the work of Ivan Pavlov.Pavlov who did not consider himself a psychologist, but, rather a physiologist interested in the process of digestion in dogs, was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1904 (the year B. F. mule driver was born) in Physiology and Medicine. In the course of his question, Pavlov observed that the dogs would often start salivating before any nutrition being given to them, when they would see the food or the foods c ontainer, or when they heard the footsteps of the lab assistant who was on his way to feed them. His observations led to the necessitate to what we now call classical condition (Gross, 1996).The first attempt to apply Pavlovs findings on conditioning to humans was made by John B. Watson in a dubious and arguably unethical experiment on a small boy named Albert, showing that the fear of rats can be deliberately bring forth (Watson and Rayer, 1920). The experiment served to popularize a new behavioral approach to psychology that would within a hug drug become the dominant force in America, Watson its founder, propagator and publicist (Goodwin, 2008).To the modernist Watson (1913), psychology is an objective natural science,its abstractive goal the prediction and control of behavior. Wundt and Titcheners view on introspection has no place in its methods, nor is consciousness addressed or studied. There is no marked borderline between people and sensuals. Due to Watsons input and i nfluence cats, dogs, rats, and pigeons became the major source of psychological data. As psychological now meant behavior rather than consciousness, animals that were easier to study and whose environments could be more readily controlled could replace people as experimental subjects (Gross, 1966).B. F. Skinner, also a behaviorist and modernist, went steps further than Pavlov and Watson, casting behavior in a more synergistic light. He made a distinction between respondent and operant behavior and argued that most animal and human behavior is not brought about in the way Pavlov and Watson indicated and surmised. Skinner, like Edward Thorndike before him, was interested in how animals operate on their environment and how this operant behavior brings about particular consequences that can determine the likelihood of that behavior being repeated. In experiments he used a variation of Thordikes puzzle-box, a Skinner box, which was made for a rat or a pigeon to do things in, rather than escape from. Fundamentally, Skinner power saw the learner as much more actively involved than did Pavlov or Watson, for whom behavior was due to stimuli, infinite stimuli before learning and conditioned stimuli after learning.In addition to behaviorism, modern views of psychology took twists and turns. As a reaction to both Titcheners structuralism and Watsons behaviorism, the Gestalt psychologists of the 1920s and 1930s in Germany and Austria were primarily concerned with perception and held that perceptions could not be deconstructed in the way that Wundt and Titchener wanted to do with thought, and that behaviorists had sought for with behavior. Their belief could besuccinctly stated as follows the whole is greater than the sum of its parts (Gross, 1996, p.3). The whole is essentially destroyed when you break down perception and behavior into parts, the Gestalt psychologists held.There are organizing principles of perceptual organization which were voiced by Gestalts founder Max Wertheimer. These principles are frequently highlighted in units on perception in full general psychology textbooks and are as follows the principle of proximity, the principle of similarity, the principle of continuation. All of the organizing principles have in rough-cut what is called the law of simplicity or what Gestaltists term Prgnanz. This refers to the tendency for perceptions to mirror reality as near as possible (Goodwin, 2009).In the course I gave an example of gestalt thinking, which in reflection I would like to return to as it clearly remains in mind. I used the example of a flock stopping at a bus stop in ones neighborhood. On a given day the bus stops at the same corner the person is accustomed to, and is recognize to be that bus. The person vexs on, but has made a mistake. She did not realize that there was a route change that morning and the bus she took was deriveed differently. What gives? Is it only a matter of not paying attention?In Gestalt inspi red, top-down conceptually driven processing, we begin with ones prior fellowship, motivations, expectations and beliefs. In the bus example, the softness to see and decipher or register a different number on the bus and claim on it, means it was recognized it to be the customary bus due to top-down processing (Danner, 2009). If one were to notice the different bus number, however, that would entail bottom-up processing, because such processing is data driven. The different number is perceived in terms of information in the sensory input, in conjunction with top-down processing, telling to the person that it is not the customary bus.Perhaps after realizing her mistake, the person inthe example will be more careful next time, thereby exercising more bottom-up processing. If Austria was berth to some of Gestalts most prominent members and adherents, it was also home to Sigmund Freud, the father of psychoanalysis. Freudian psychoanalytic theory was the first to state the significa nce of innate drives and define abnormal and normal behavior in relationship to the role of the unconscious mind mind. Its importance is that the theory of personality popularized contextualizing human behavior in terms of the id, ego, and superego, notating development in pentad psycho knowledgeable stages. Each stage was marked by shifts in what Freud believed were the underlying modes of gratification oral, anal, phallic, latency and genital (Glassman, 2000).In reflection, I continue to find merit in Freuds concept of stages for sure. I would hushed prefer to call them development stages, however, and not necessarily put a sexual meaning on them, as Freud and his supporters have done and continue to do. There is no need to detail the well-known limitations and criticisms of Freudian theory, which fit in to Glassman (2000) are its falsifiability, the great deal of emphasis put on case studies, and its cultural solidus towards women. Regardless of such naysaying, his supporter s would passionately argue for and be adamant about such a sexual narrative of the human person, which if not fodder, certainly has entertainment value. In fact, Freudian theory is fascinating to me largely due to the dramatic (almost cinematic) conflicts and challenges that mark each psychosexual stage. Perhaps the most well-known of these is the Oedipal conflict (which occurs in the so-called phallic stage). It was interesting to read that some analysts called the female variant, the Electra conflict, but Freud himself did not use the term (see Freud 1924).Perhaps the most attractive modern theory of personality, in my view, would belong to Carl Rogers. In Carl Rogers theory, a person is the source of hisor her basic needs such as food and water. He or she is also the source of a winth motive which he called an actualizing tendency, which is an innate drive that is reflective of the believe to grow, to develop and to develop ones capabilities (Glassman, 2000). It is the actuali zing tendency that stimulates creativity, causing a person to seek out new challenges and skills that motivate healthy growth in ones lifetime (Gross, 1996). According to Rogers (1961, but pilot programly proposed in 1947) Whether one calls it a growth tendency, a drive towards self-actualization, or a forward moving direction tendency, it is the mainspring in lifeIt is the urge which is evident in all organic and human life to expand, extend, become autonomous, mature and develop. In reflection, I continue to feel that Rogers influence and go along popularity in the psych early(a)apeutic community give his theories merit. APA members have been asked which psych otherapist they believe to me the most influential token in the field (Smith, 1982). In 2006, this survey repeated in the Psychotherapy Networker. In both surveys, Carl Rogers was the landslide choice.While this does not prove Rogers to be correct, certainly it gives his theory of motivation more credence than not, inc rease its believability. Certainly, I feel influenced by Rogers as I move forward in my career. While Rogers theory of an actualizing tendency and the overall nature of the client-centered approach may be controversial due to its fee to let the client call the shots and as stated by Goodwin (2009) for its overemphasis on the the self at the put down of the importance of the community, in addition to being clearer what it was against than what it was for, it is nevertheless, a credible postulation in terms of its application in therapy and remains my preference over Freud.Accordingly, I continue to feel that all clientsinnately wish to be successful in life and to be cheeringd as contributors to their own selfactualization. They wish to expand their knowledge and achievehigher levels of success beneath all the guises that seem otherwise. When clients are not performing to their fullest potential, praise and support can help ignite the actualizing tendency in a manner that would ot herwise have remained dormant.When exploring postmodern views of psychology we have to inherently speak about cultural narratives and meta-narratives. What is psychology today and who defines it? What is psychologys story, who told that story historically, and who gets to tell it today? When we look at psychology as a practice, historically and today, is important to bring to the fore the ethnocentric monocultural aspects that were oppressive to women and continue to be to minority groups in reinforcing discolor male Euro-American culture as the normative and desirable culture. Indeed, therapists and helping professionals should try to help deconstruct and introduce monoculturalism whenever it rears its despicable head. When oppressive forms such as heterosexism, ageism, gender and sexism come to the fore in therapy, for example, therapists should not honor them but try to encourage reflection on such prejudices with the aim being for the client to indentify for what it is and t o grow accordingly.The field of psychology itself is not immune but remains at risk to the debacle of monoculturalism. According to Yutrzenka, Todd-Bazemore and Caraway (1999) even though the data forecast that by 2050, ethnic minorities will make up over 50% of the US population, this quickly changing demographic has minimal effect on the number of ethnic minority psychologists. This is particularly true for Native Americans, who are far more underrepresented than any other ethnic body. Though the APA as stated by Goodwin (2009), is vigorously addressing this entire issue at present, with such efforts to be praised, still the legacy of ethnocentric monoculturalism is a stain on the profession, and will remain so untilsignificant numbers of minority psychologists abound.In spite of the barriers confronting them, women and minorities have made many notable, valuable and bouncy contributions to the field of psychology. During the course I discussed Eleanor Gibson who received the Na tional Medal of Science in 1992 for a lifetime of look into on topics dealing with the development of depth perception to the fundamentals involved in reading, approach discrimination while at Yale from psychologist Robert Yerkes who wanted no females in his lab (Goodwin, 2009).While she was able to get her PhD there under the guidance of the neobehaviorist Clark Hull, she unfortunately went on to experience difficulties at Cornell (where her husband had gained a position) compel into an unpaid research associate position in spite of winning competitive and prestigious research grants. As a result of these grants, however, she was able to carry out pioneering studies on depth perception with Richard Walk. When Cornell, home to Titcheners legacy, removed its nepotism rules in 1966, only then did she become a full professor.Furthermore, as discussed in the course, African-Americans have also made outstanding contributions to psychology. Kenneth and Mamie Phipps Clark again come to mind in terms of their topper known research titled Racial identification and preference in Negro children (Goodwin, 2009). In this research it was shown that black children showed a preference for white dolls over black ones when asked which they would like to play with and looked more like. The Clarks concluded, according to Goodwin (2009) that one insidious effect of racial segregation was its negative influence on African-American self-esteem. As a result of this research, in part, the Supreme Court was compelled to do the right thing and reverse the racist separate but equal doctrine in Brown v. Board of Education.The Clarks contribution to psychology and the contributions of other AfricanAmericans preceding them were not without struggle. Their mentor at Howard University, Francis Sumner faced huge obstacles when attempting to get a graduate course and gain employment in academia. African-Americans have often had their basic intellectual abilities questioned (Goodwin, 2009). The legacy of white racism and of the field of psychologys complicity by not taking a firmer stand until only recently is without question a significant reason why African-Americans remain heavily underrepresented in the profession, in spite of the gains made for women. 60 percent of doctorates in psychology are awarded to women today, while Native Americans as we discussed and African-Americans continue to be awarded a paltry percentage in turn.Such dismal figures have nothing to do with intelligence. We know that early intelligence streamlets were normed on just Caucasian, middle-class populations and only recently has such deviate been addressed and perhaps abated. This also was the case for the MMPI personality tests as well. In the case of the MMPI, many of the original items became dated and according to Kassin (2008), to bring the test up to the 21st century and more postmodern views, new items were written in, and a more diverse cross-section of the US was sampled. The result of that updating is the newer 567-item version called the MMPI-2.In reflection, my guess is that similar advances have been made or are being considered in IQ interrogation as well otherwise we would have to call into question whether biased IQ tests are binding for minority groups. Accordingly, great care should be taken when formulating test questions as well as see the results of test-takers from different cultural groups and urban tribes. Fundamentally, it is crucial that test makers be made aware of cultural differences when pose together IQ test questions, as recommended for the MMPI (Church 2001). Exercising caution does not meanminority groups are treated with kid gloves, but rather that a lens of understanding is in place and that can come about as a result of the test makers and assessors informing themselves. Otherwise an IQ tests validity for minority groups is at issue.Pre-modern, modern and postmodern frames of reference have all helped shape important, con temporary psychological theories and issues. Accordingly, I have attempted in a reflective manner to revisit the areas of psychologys history we covered in course. If psychology as a profession is to continue to grow and develop, it will occur through a similar process of reflection, followed by action. It is important for psychology to know its origins, its history and respective story. However, in realization of the depth of ethnocentric monoculturalism, its leadership, particularly in the APA, mustiness act on the call to bring about the inclusion of more minorities. Otherwise, the oppressive stain of monoculturalism shall abound and continue to blemish the profession we hold dear.ReferencesAngell, J.R. (1904). Psychology. New York Holt.Church, A.T. (2001). Personality measurement in cross-cultural perspective. ledger of Personality, 69, 979-1006.Danner, N. (2011). Psychology ORG5001 survey of psychology I. Boston Pearson Learning Solutions.Freud, S. (1924) A General Introducti on to Psychoanalysis. New York majuscule Square Press (reprinted 1952).Glassman, W (Ed.). (2000) Approaches to psychology. Philadelphia Open University Press. Goodwin, C.J. (2009) A history of modern psychology (3rd ed.). Hoboken, NJ Wiley. Gross, R. (Ed.). (1996) Psychology, the study of mind and behavior. London Hodder & Stoughton.Kassin, S., (2008). Psychology in Modules ORG 5002 Survey of psychology II. New York Pearson Custom Publishing.Rogers, C.R. (1961) On congruous a person. Boston Houghton Mifflin. Smith, D. (1982) Trends in counseling and psychology. American Psychologist, 37, 802809. Watson, J.B. (1913) Psychology as the behaviorist views it. Psychological Review, 20, 15877. Watson, J.B. & Rayneer, R. (1920) learned emotional reactions. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 3, 1-14.Wozniak,R. (1992) Mind and body Ren Descartes to William James. Retrieved from http//www.qcc.cuny.edu/socialsciences/ppecorino/INTRO_TEXT/Chapter%206%20MindBody/DUALISM.htm.Yutrzenka, B.A., T odd-Bazemore, E., & Caraway, S.J. (1999). Four winds The evolution of culturally inclusive clinical psychology training for Native Americans. International Review of Psychiatry, 11, 129- 135. ProQuest 43479524.