Nelson Goodmanss New Riddle Of Induction Term Paper

Nelson Goodmanss New Riddle Of Induction - Term Paper Example The traditional problem of induction was popularized by David Hume and it reamined quite traditional until Nelson Goodman proposed a new problem which he called â€Å"the new riddle of induction† as expressed in the third chapter of Fact, Fiction and Forecast. By the new riddle of induction Goodman put forward a claim that not all generalizations are confirmed by their instances. In other words â€Å"confirmation of a hypothesis by an instance depends rather heavily upon the features of the hypothesis other than its syntatical form† (72). He distinguished the lawlike (that a given piece of copper conducts electricity increases the credibility of the statement asserting that other pieces of copper conducts electricity, and thus confirms the hypothesis that all copper conducts electricity) and accidental (that a given man now in this room is a third son does not increase the credibility of the statement asserting that other men now in this room are third sons and so does not confirm the hypothesis that all men now in this room are third sons) statements. Yet, both are cases in which the hypothesis is a generalization of the evident statement. Thus, Goodman argued: â€Å"only a statement that is lawlike – regardless of its trut h or falsity or its scientific importance – is capable of recieviing confirmation from an instance of it; accidental statements are not† (73). As such, there is need for a way of plainly distinguishing the lawlike from the accidental statements. However, the problem of induction goes beyond merely trying to exclude a few cases that are admitted by our definition of confirmation. Hence, Goodman proposed a new predicate, â€Å"grue.†

GM Food Essay Example for Free

GM Food Essay You are required to write an article titled GM Food on the basis of websites and sofewares. In the article, you are expected to present the points as follows: the definition of GM food, the possible prospects and problems, your attitude towards GM food. The article should be no less than 500 words. Genetically modified (GM) foods are foods derived from genetically modified organisms. Genetically modified organisms have had specific changes introduced into their DNA by genetic engineering, using a process of either Cisgenesis or Transgenesis. GM foods were first put on the market in the early 1990s. Typically, genetically modified foods are transgenic plant products: soybean, corn, canola, and cotton seed oil. Last year, the Ministry of Agriculture awarded the safety cerfiticate to two kinds of transgenic rice, and this triggered a large-scale discussion. Many people oppose it and refuse to eat GM foods. They objected to GM foods on several grounds such as: †¢ GMF’s have not been a success, there is no test in human being. The GM foods maybe change human gene in future. †¢ Genetically modified crops will affect other plants around them and change other species, then more and more species will vary or disappear. †¢ GM foods have the advantage in both price and output, so traditional farmers will lose the market. Then few companies who have transgene proprietary technology will control food market. On the contrary, many proponents of GM foods have other opinions: †¢ People eat GM foods, then the foods are analysed and assimilated like normal foods, there is no theory to support that GM foods will change human being’s gene. †¢ There is a food supply issue in the developing world, in order to meeting the demand for food and confronting the climate change we need to increase use of GM crops. †¢ The GM crops use less pesticide, It is more safty than normal crops. Actually, more and more GM foods appear in our lives. When you have dinner in the restaurant, maybe you eat the GM oil, GM corn and GM rice, but you just don’t know. Genetically modified food is science brings us the product, now of cultivated land area of less, genetically modified food will play more and more important role, if the use of transgenic technology can solve the world food shortage problem, it is not quite good? Genetically modified food in the world now is a kind of new things, new things, people need time to promote its accept also need some time, we cannot put new things in the cradle, a stick to it from the beginning, that cannot be eaten of genetically modified food. You think we dont of hybrid rice is a genetically modified food? But we can open it from? And if they can pass the soybeans genetically modified technique using atmospheric nitrogen inside his produces fertilizers to other crops gene transfer in the mankind, it is. Everything is both sides, especially technology, science and technology is a double-edged sword? Genetically modified food has its disadvantages, like some worry, because it will not change, will destroy genetic evolution, etc. Genetically modified food and nutrition inside it isnt like that, the propaganda of people worry is understandable, after accepting a new things take time. But we also should see the benefits of them, I think as time slowly past, genetically modified foods will be accepted by people.

Summary of The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn :: Huck Finn American Literature Essays

Summary of The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn The narrator (later identified as Huckleberry Finn) begins Chapter One by stating that the reader may know of him from another book, The Adventures of Tom Sawyer by "Mr. Mark Twain," but it "ain't t no matter" if you have not. According to Huck, Twain mostly told the truth, with some "stretchers" thrown in, though everyone--except Tom's Aunt Polly, the widow, and maybe Mary--lies once in a while. The other book ended with Tom and Huckleberry finding the gold some robbers had hidden in a cave. They got six thousand dollars apiece, which Judge Thatcher put in trust, so that they each got a dollar a day from interest. The Widow Douglas adopted and tried to "civilise" Huck. But Huck couldn't stand it so he threw on his old rags and ran away. But he went back when Tom Sawyer told him he could join his new band of robbers if he would return to the Widow "and be respectable." The Widow lamented over her failure with Huck, tried to stuff him into cramped clothing, and before every meal had to "grumble" over the food before they could eat it. She tried to teach him about Moses, until Huck found out he was dead and lost interest. Meanwhile, she would not let him smoke; typically, she disapproved of it because she had never tried it, but approved of snuff since she used it herself. Her slim sister who wears glasses, Miss Watson, tried to give him spelling lessons. Meanwhile, Huck was going stir-crazy, made especially restless by the sisters' constant reminders to improve his behavior. When Miss Watson told him about the "bad place," Hell, he burst out that he would like to go there, as a change of scenery. Secretly, Huck really does not see the point in going to "the good place" and resolved then not to bother trying to get there. When Huck asked, Miss Watson told him there was no chance Tom Sawyer would end up in Heaven. Huck was glad "because I wanted him and me to be together." One night, after Miss Watson's prayer session with him and the slaves, Huck goes to bed feeling "so lonesome I wished I was dead." He gets shivers hearing the sounds of nature through his window. Huck accidentally flicks a spider into a candle, and is frightened by the bad omen.

Empire of the Sun: Nationalities Essay

Empire of the sun is a rites of passage novel about James Ballard’s life in Shanghai during the Japanese invasion in the 1940’s. It describes James’ life from how he changes from a posh and upper-class expatriate to becoming a lonely Shanghai roamer, and his time at Lunghua camp at which his views of the four main nations in the book (England, Japan, China and America) change completely. Ballard presents the English at the beginning of the novel as a superpower, posh and rich. We know this because Yang their chauffer drives a green Packard, which is a expensive and flash car and they have lots of servants who, in James’ (Jamie to his family and close friends) imagination are just pieces of furniture, and gardeners who mind their own business passively â€Å"stabbing at the grass†. Despite the English being in their ivory tower and thinking themselves of a higher class than the helpless Chinese, they still are concerned about the Japanese moving closer and closer to Shanghai. Before Dr Lockwood’s party Jamie’s â€Å"father knelt by the radiogram in his pirate costume† listening to the regular war update. While Shanghai is on the brink of being overrun and captured by the Japanese the English still manage to fit in a few glasses of â€Å"whiskey and soda† and a fancy dress party, but even at the party the main focus for most people is listening to the war update on Dr Lockwoods â€Å"short-wave radio†. Eventually the Japanese take control of Shanghai and Jamie is separated from his parents. In the heart of Shanghai, all alone, Jamie meets two American sailors, Frank and Basie. They rename him Jim, â€Å"A new name for a new life†. Jim needs food and is willing to do anything in order to stay alive. The only way he can stay alive is to stick around with Frank and Basie. As the story goes on Jim has less and less respect for the English because they do not seem to prioritise the right things for instance they would â€Å"prefer to suffer from chronic dysentery rather than make the effort of boiling the water† because they are used to having things done for them by servants. Also the English had theatrical groups rather than helping the ill and dying people in the hospital. These are just some of the reasons that Jim lost respect for the English over the course of his imprisonment at Lunghua and eventually moving to the American quarters, where they did things properly and were prepared to do what it takes to stay alive. The helpless and passive Chinese do nothing to help themselves in the book, being this passive with no personal drive or momentum to get out and oppose the people who put them in such bad positions; to build a life that is worthwhile living for creates the effect that they live just to die. We are invited to paint this morbid picture in our mind when he describes that the â€Å"Chinese knew from birth, that they were all as good as dead anyway, and that it was self-deluding to believe otherwise†. When the Chinese deal with the superpowers they let them do what they want and don’t even bat an eyelid at them. This just re-iterates how easily they get controlled and overpowered by other nations and important therefore rich individuals. When the Japanese soldiers killed the rickshaw coolie he does not put up a fight he just lay the4re and let the soldiers kill him. â€Å"The coolie knelt on the ground†¦among the grains of rice†¦as the blood ran from his back and formed a pool around his knees†. The Chinese just accepted they are inferior to the Japanese and English so don’t bother to put up a fight or retaliate. But everybody knows that â€Å"one day China will punish the rest of the world, and take a frightening revenge.† Ballard invites us to believe that the Japanese patiently wait for their chance to attack which in Jims mind scares him more than the thought of being killed or tortured by them. There is an eerie sense towards the Japanese which Jim doesn’t like, because they kill for no reason for instance when the Chinese coolie is stabbed and left o die on the floor. Jim has great respect for the Japanese pilots and their planes. He names every Japanese plane that flies over his head. When the war starts the turn the wrong way for the Japanese they take their anger out on the prisoners by reducing the amount of potatoes for the prisoners to eat. â€Å"As the war moved through its closing year the Japanese had become unsettled and dangerous†. But despite all this Jim still wants to join the Japanese Air Force rather than the RAF, â€Å"I’m going to join the Japanese Air Force.† He wants to do this because his only impression of the British is that they are pathetic and cannot care for themselves without servants whereas the Japanese show might and power, of course all eleven year old boys take the side of the most powerful, which entices him towards their side. Even when the war is over he still has respect for the Japanese. The Americans are Jim’s lifeline. When he is picked up by Basie and Frank he is willing to do whatever it takes to stay alive and find his parents, despite knowing that they want to get rid of him, but when Jim is in Lunghua camp he is told to stick around with Basie by Dr Ransome because he is a survivor. â€Å"It’s a good thing that you’re friends with Basie. He’s a survivor†¦wars exist for people like Basie†. This shows that Basie can handle and even thrive from the bad situations which Jim respected him for. Jim finds out that after spending a few weeks in the camp the English have completely different mind sets to survive to survive than the Americans, we know this because Ballard informs us that the English sit around all day drinking cholera infested water while the Americans, even those with malaria, take life as it comes and do what it takes to stay alive. In Steven Spielberg’s film â€Å"Empire of the Sun† Jim sneaks out of the perimeter o the camp to place two pheasant traps and puts his life on the line, just to earn the right to live in the American dormitory thus shows that he has ultimate respect for them, so much so that he becomes â€Å"obsessed by everything American†. Even when they â€Å"gamble with his life† he just accepts it as â€Å"American humour of a most special kind†. By the end of the text Jim’s favourite nation (has most respect for) is most defiantly the Americans, especially after the American air raid on Lunghua airfield, where he sees the Mustangs and B-29s, one of the pilots from a Mustang waves at him as he salutes him. In conclusion Jim loses all respect for the English people, whom which he previously had a lot for, due to his experiences at Lunghua camp. The Chinese were never considered as proper people in his mind because all throughout the novel they are minorities in society and passive towards all other nations, letting them roam free in their country. Jim has the utmost respect for the Japanese in the beginning whereas by the end he still admires them but not as much due to harsh things being enforced on him, and his fellow prison mates, in Lunghua camp. He also admired the Japanese kamikaze pilots who were prepared to give up their lives even though they knew the war was lost. Jim is unsure about the Americans at first when he meets Frank and Basie but grows to love them and their pleasant but entertaining company. He would not be the same person at the end of the war if he had never met Basie. Personally, this quote sums up Jim’s opinion of the nationalities: â€Å"All in all, Jim felt, he Americans were the best company, not as strange and challenging as the Japanese, but far superior to the morose and complicated British.†

Goffman: Impression Management

February 8, 2013 Impression Management The notion that we see ourselves as an object, as others see us, forms the basis for one of Goffman’s central concepts; impression management. Impression management refers to the verbal and nonverbal practices we employ in an attempt to present an acceptable image of our self to others. Some of the principal ways in which impressions are created and maintained are by the person’s demeanor, the deference, the front, the backstage, the character, and the performer. The demeanor deals with how a person conducts and dresses himself individually.For example, the greetings and salutations we offer others, the disclosure of personal information, the closing or granting of physical space we give others, and countless other acts, if done right can mark an individual as well-demeaned person and thus deserving of the deference only others can give to him. Deference refers to having honor, dignity, and respect towards others. The reciprocal na ture of deference and demeanor is such that maintaining a well-demeaned image allows those present to do likewise as the deference they receive obligates them to confer proper deference in kind.The front is what an individual shows toward others while the backstage is the region of the performance normally unobserved by, and restricted from members of the audience. Meaning that people have there own secrets about themselves that no one knows about. As a character, the self is in reality an image, a managed impression that is fabricated in agreement with others during an encounter. However, when we turn to the self as a performer, we as an individual look to impress or get approval by others by what we do/achieve at something.For example, you’re getting your house ready for when you have guests coming over because you want to make an good impression. The individual as performer is the thinking, fantasizing, dreaming, desiring human being whose capacity to experience pride and shame motivates him or her not only to perform for others but also to take precautions against embarrassment. The process of impression management and social interaction both include a rational and a non-rational dimension in different ways.Merchants of morality is in both of them, it means individuals’ attempts to â€Å"engineer† interaction â€Å"profits† through properly enacted performances, and to live up to the standards of morality by which their performances will be judged. We present ourselves as well-demeaned persons in part because it is in our best interest to do so but, by doing that, we announce our adherence to the moral standards that ritually organize social encounters. In other words, the self is the mask the individual wears in social situations, but it is also the human being behind the mask who decides which mask to wear.

Summary of How Biofuels Could Starve the Poor

Summary of How Biofuels Could Starve the Poor Free Online Research Papers In the article, â€Å"How Biofuels Could Starve the Poor,† authors C. Ford Runge and Benjamin Senauer capture the ideas that biofuels could cause unfavorable consequences for the world’s poor. Converting a percentage of the world’s corn crop into biofuels is a resourceful way to moderate the country’s precarious reliance on imported oil which will then help farmers.. Notably, the production facilities for biofuels will play a crucial role in future production of biofuel technology. In the beginning of the article, Runge and Senauer explain that in the 1970s, President Jimmy Carter conveyed his support for energy independence. The country then began to slowly purge the use of lead and enhanced ethanol production which incorporated government subsidies and tax breaks. As time went on, ethanol remained unimportant and the United States relied more on importing petroleum. It is suggested that now, with the increased price of oil and more government backing, ethanol is â€Å"all the rage.† The authors recognize that a comprehensive energy policy will halt the country’s dangerous dependence on fossil fuels. Throughout the article it is mentioned that Europe, Brazil, and other countries are also producers of ethanol. Brazil utilizes sugarcane to produce ethanol while Europe is taking advantage of rapeseeds and sunflower seeds while exploring the possibilities of using sugar beets and wheat. Governmental measures are also being used to encourage biodiesel by the European Commission. Runge and Senauer argue that the next generation of biofuels will lessen greenhouse gases but note the cost of developing these fuels. The government tax credits and subsidies have falsely maintained the ethanol business. The authors comment on how innovative sources of oil can be particularly pricey. Also, the article covers the issues that are passed on to consumers, such as of the increase of feed prices impacting the poultry and livestock industries. Runge and Senauer explain that the prices of chicken, turkey, pork, milk, and eggs will intensify and production will regress. In addition to that, the authors point out that the cost of basic foods could drastically be affected by biofuels. If prices remain excessive, the most susceptible countries will be the impoverished ones and those that are dependent on petroleum imports. Although, countries that are major oil exporters are not necessarily safe considering the continued increase in the cost of food. Runge and Senauer comment on the cost of the materials that can be used to manufacture ethanol; they are expected to is if using them becomes viable. In the end of the article, Runge and Senauer go on to compare biofuels and gasoline and the impact on the environment. They explain how using plants other than corn or soybean oils increase the benefits of ethanol and in contrast how harvesting and transporting these other plant matters are high in cost. The authors conclude that an energy-conservation program and investing in energy research will allow the future of our country to be brighter. Runge, C. Ford, and Benjamin Senauer. â€Å"How Biofuels Could Starve the Poor.† Foreign Affairs (2007). 26 Jan.2009 . Research Papers on Summary of â€Å"How Biofuels Could Starve the Poor†Definition of Export QuotasNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceGenetic EngineeringTwilight of the UAWAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropePETSTEL analysis of IndiaThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfQuebec and Canada

Evaluation Essay The Elements of Style Essay Example

Evaluation Essay The Elements of Style Essay Example Evaluation Essay The Elements of Style Essay Evaluation Essay The Elements of Style Essay Section 9 and section 10 from, â€Å"The Elements of Style†, were the two sections that I learned the most from. Section 9: One paragraph to each topic, taught me that your paragraphs length will vary on subdivision. Section 10: Begin each paragraph with a topic sentence; end it in conformity with the beginning taught me how to discover the purpose of each paragraph when you begin reading it and to retain all the information and purpose at the end of the paragraph. William Strunk Jr. said, in section 9: One paragraph to each topic, â€Å"a subject requires subdivision into topics, each of which should be make the subject of a paragraph.† If you are wanting a very brief paragraph on a certain subject, then subdivision may not need to be used. Subdivision only needs to be used on, â€Å"a brief description, a brief summary of a literary work, a brief account of a single incident, a narrative merely outlining an action, the setting forth of a single idea. After the paragraph has been written, it should be examined to see whether subdivision will not improve it.† Subdivision should only be used if a single paragraph is being used. Strunk’s purpose of section 9: one paragraph to each topic, was to show the readers that subdivision will vary on the length of the composition, or if you are wanting a brief paragraph. This section was very informational and Strunk’s approach on this section was informational, after reading t his section I feel very informed. Section 10: As a rule, begin each paragraph with a topic sentence; end it in conformity with the beginning, Strunk says, â€Å"If the paragraph forms part of a larger composition, its relation to what precedes, or its function as a part of the whole, may need to be expressed.† In the topic sentence there can be different words or phrases to express the tone of the paragraph. Based on the writer’s purpose, he/she might relate their body paragraph to the topic sentence. Such as stretching th

How To Gain Hands-On Experience for a Job

How To Gain Hands-On Experience for a Job You know you need experience to get a job. Trouble is, you can’t get any on-the-job experience without first having a job. It’s the classic early career Catch-22. The good news, however, is that there are a ton of ways to gain work experience before you ever get your first proper job. Make sure to plan ahead and accumulate valuable skills and knowledge from these experiences in time to apply for your first job. Here are a few great ways to get experience without getting â€Å"hired.†1. InternshipsAn internship is just like a job in that you do a ton of work, learn a lot, and gain valuable experience in a field. But it’s not at all like a job in that you usually get paid very little or nothing at all- and the term is usually short. Internships are widely available, in almost every field. Figure out what industry you want to work in eventually, and then get involved learning the tricks of the trade. You’ll have to fetch some coffee, but it just might get you hired one day.2. ShadowingUse your network, professional association, school career office, other programs, or even family members to find someone in your chosen field who would let you shadow them. This could be anywhere from a few hours to a few days, but lets you get valuable insight into the day-to-day experience of that field.3. VolunteeringYou definitely won’t be paid, except in the satisfaction of helping others, but you will gain a ton of experience that will look excellent on your future resume. Many provide training. All will give you access to learning the skills you’ll want, whether that be in child or elder care, administration, writing, teaching, coaching, fundraising, sales, mentoring, phone manner, construction, arts, etc.4. School/Community WorkThink your extracurricular activities don’t count? Any time you participate in a club or organization, whether sports or arts or religion related, you can gain a ton of experience that will set yo u up surprisingly well for the job market.5. FreelancingSometimes you have to prove you have what it takes before you can actually be brought on board. If you freelance, you can prove your talents and skills and expertise first and then make your way onto the payroll. And after your first gig, you’ll have racked up a ton of professional experience for next time.6. NetworkingIt isn’t always all about what you know. Sometimes a job will come down to who you know. Make sure to start growing a robust network of contacts and keeping yourself as current as possible.

Conservation of Energy Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Conservation of Energy - Lab Report Example From the graph presented; angle versus time, it is evident that when the angle of displacement is increased, the periodic interval is reduced for a constant length if the string. This proportionality is directly varying. In general, the swinging pendulum portrays a consistency in the changes involving kinetic, potential and gravitational potential energies. This can be summed serially as potential energy to kinetic energy then back to kinetic energy. This is when the pendulum is released from a height above the reference point level. At the instance the bob (mass) is released, it has an initial energy potential in nature. This is followed by gradual changes in the kinetic energies when at the minimum of the reference point; a maximum kinetic energy is attained. At this point, the swinging mass has its maximum velocity v, which is the converse for the point of zero (0) potential energy for the system in question. There are two maxima heights in respect of the reference position for the system. At these points, the system depicts its maxima potential energies which can as well be stated as minimum kinetic energy for the system. A graph of kinetic energy versus time is a sinusoidal curve. This is the same for the case of potential energy. However the two curves are completely out of phase. This is due to the corresponding changes between kinetic to potential energy. This is evident in the total energy curve as a function of time; whose curve is straight. This is a true confirmation of the law of conservation of energy which can also be stated as â€Å"energy can neither be created nor destroyed, but rather conserved.† For the pendulum, the reference level point to measure the y-coordinate location is at the mid-point between the two maxima levels of displacement of the pendulum. At equilibrium, the pendulum is at rest when it is at this point. If the reference level is changed to where the rotary motion is, it would mean the length L is

Mod # BUStwo feedback loops in your organization (HP INC.) Essay

Mod # BUStwo feedback loops in your organization (HP INC.) - Essay Example In a move to improve profitability the company is planning to outsource PC manufacturing facilities worldwide. This would help the company to increase profitability by focusing on its core strengths which includes supply chain management, new products and services development and supplier management. (www.hp.com) Management Intent: The management believes that as everything as a Service evolves, there is an opportunity to reshape the computing industry forever and, more importantly, create more dynamic services that enrich our everyday lives and improve how we do business. To realize this potential, the technology industry must innovate at a higher level of intelligence into the next generation of devices, networks and software. When we are successful in providing better user experience, we will be poised for the next wave of growth. (www.hp.com) Feedback loops Employed by HP: Customer groups in various markets - Speed quality and flexibility are some of the requirements of the customer groups as far as technology is concerned. Manufacturers like HP would like to classify their customers as large businesses, individuals with home office and the younger generation. Further this would also give an insight to the market size and location, stage of the product life cycle in each of these consumer groups and characteristics and influences of the buyers (demographic details).Global marketers like HP will would resort to this method of feedback which brings into focus the basic information necessary for development of a strategic plan for production.Survey on Product technology - This form of feedback involves the markets being broken down into segments. Volumes of requirement are forecast to identify and explore the requirements for niche products and otherwise. This feedback would also give the companies required product mixes, c omplexity, differentiation and frequency of manufacturing required. The purpose of selecting these loops was to bring to attention that the major deciding factors of cost in production are related to these. Balancing feedback brings in optimum product quality at the lowest possible pricing leads to goal seeking behavior. Complex systems are composed of multiple feedback loops laid upon one another. How this can be used in OD Hp can make use of these loops by empowering the team of people involved in these activities, by which the results would be extraordinary. The company can help teams involved to manage culture, process, systems and relationships which in turn would be effective and would also reflect on Organizational development. People learn together by submitting their shared vision to testing. When complex dynamics exist, a shared vision allows organizational members to examine assumptions, search for leverage points, and test different policy alternatives. This level of learning often requires simulation, which is a much more specialized systems technique. (Larsen, K., McInerney) Effects of feedback loops on Org Effectiveness Long and Short Term: The effects of these feedback loops on organization effectiveness are as follows Long Term: Organizations strive to reach their potential by sharing this vision of worthy goals with employees. There is a Lifelong commitment to high quality work can result when teams work

Public's Trust on Government Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Public's Trust on Government - Essay Example The trust, as well as support of the citizens is very crucial in creating a strong and successful government. The following paragraphs will talk about a few reasons that would offer the individuals the basis in making sensible decisions in terms of giving their trust or not. Reasons for trusting the Government The first reason that proves a government is dependable is when it carries out its tasks appropriately. One of the key responsibilities is to concentrate on the requirements of its citizens. The most apparent among these are essential human requirements that are important for the people to lead a respectable life. Besides, the government must also recognize how to defend its citizens as well as its terrain from interior and exterior dangers like local rebellions and violence. The second reason is the notion of answerability. Public representatives should be liable to the activities of this political mechanism. With regard to this, they should as well be held accountable to the body that confers their power, which is the public. This is most pertinent in democratic governments in which the citizens cast their vote for their government officials. A government who is responsible makes it an aim to meet the satisfactory paradigm for excellent governance (Kennedy, 2009). Third, the government must permit the involvement of other stakeholders in their executive procedure. A dependable government should not just make preferences by themselves; they should obtain the input of other individuals who are as well concern with the result of what these choices might carry. These stakeholders should incorporate different regions from the society like non-governmental associations and even simple citizens of a nation. Fourth, a government have to practice transparency in its set of laws, policy, and decisions. The government must provide the public the essential information regarding key issues as well as strategies in the government. This would help the citizens to make intelligent decisions concerning their dealings particularly the ones associated with the constancy of their state. Fifth, a government that is worthy of the people's trust has the interests of its citizens in mind and this is significantly observed in the requisition of their budget. The government should truthfully use the taxpayer’s money by reliable ventures and programs that are free of dishonesty and irregularity (Nyre et al, 1997). Reasons for not trusting the Government In contrast, there are also reasons to distrust the government. First, the government is making bad strategies that are merely for the advantage of a small number of citizens particularly if it is the vested interest of those who are in authority. The government has no sense of accountability mainly in time of catastrophe. This is apparent, as they tend to hold one another responsible particularly if something incorrect took place. Second, huge corruption is taking place within the government. Citizen s' insights of corruption are rooted in general approach towards government, and that, as a result, these subjective signs may be only assessing the government's image, and not its real performance. Many of the commonly applied corruption signs are of a subjective nature. They mostly do not depend on a practical foundation, and leave significant independence to respondents whether to think about certain features. This generates issues of comparability, and calls respondents to widen their standpoint to whatever issue they wish when providing a view on corruption. Third reason for not trusting the government arises from citizens’ lived experiences with government. It recommends that the government is obsolete as well as old-fashioned and needs to be enhanced to restore trust. This distrust is a major obstruction to

How do you think domestic and foreign intelligence should work in this Assignment

How do you think domestic and foreign intelligence should work in this country - Assignment Example Foreign intelligence encompasses security surveillance orchestrated by cross-border powers and personalities. Intelligence service is the most sensitive national institution that must be accorded utmost autonomy to prevent the country from vulnerability to terrorist attack. America being the presumed global superpower is a target for terrorism and other forms of violent attacks. The U.S. depends on both its domestic and foreign intelligence information to fight and or contain the world’s terrorism. It requires a highly confidential, competent and effective intelligence service both from domestic instruments and from foreign input (Marks, 2010). After the September 11 attacks, cooperation and close coordination is required between national and international intelligence in America (Marks, 2010). However, there should not be complete merge of the two institutions. While they should cooperate to deliver coinciding information, their individual autonomy should also have clear demarcation. The country’s security management should establish a central coordinating body that harmonizes information dissemination from either side of the security institutions. The role of this body would be to provide further scrutiny to the intelligence information before delivering credible vigilant information to the government. The specific roles of these two institutions should also have distinct stipulations to avoid conflict and duplication of surveillance information. Furthermore, the authenticity of foreign intelligence surveillance is dully enshrined in the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of

EFT4 task 5 SUBDOMAIN 602.4 - SUBJECT-SPECIFIC TEACHING METHODS Essay

EFT4 task 5 SUBDOMAIN 602.4 - SUBJECT-SPECIFIC TEACHING METHODS (ELEMENTARY) - Essay Example Students are asked to change the two dimensional objects into the three dimension objects. A cube is formed from six faces with identical squares, which are joined by their edges. A vertex is formed by joining of the three edges at the each corner. This cube is too known as the regular hexahedron. The cube is very common 3-D (three-dimensional) object. The shape is displayed in the figure below. For understanding the concept of finding the surface area of a cube in grade 5 and 6, there is need to educate the students in a logical and more practical manners (Mighty students, 2010). The use of real time practical examples can help the students of this age to get better understanding of the concept of surface area of a cube. According to McDoniel (2008) the topic relates to the understanding the surface area of a cube. The author also describes the methods for making the concepts for the students of grade 5 and 6 through the use of real world practical examples. There are some prerequisite skills, which are necessary for getting better knowledge about the concept of surface area of a cube. These important requirements are as follows: The students must be familiar with cubic shape items. For making cube shape things like a bin, student must make square shape pieces. This concept is based on the turning two-dimensional squares into three-dimensional cubes. When students are asked to make a cube shape bin, for this task they must cut the square shaped six pieces and all these six pieces must be of same size. This concept relates with the cubes. After having six same sizes square pieces combine them together to make cube shape of a bin. From this the surface of a cube is calculated by using the above formula of SA= 6 * a2 (The World of Math online, 2005). To determine the exterior surface are of a cube there is need to find the height, width and depth. A cube has six faces and three- dimensions. All faces of a cube item are shaped as square.

How do you think domestic and foreign intelligence should work in this Assignment

How do you think domestic and foreign intelligence should work in this country - Assignment Example Foreign intelligence encompasses security surveillance orchestrated by cross-border powers and personalities. Intelligence service is the most sensitive national institution that must be accorded utmost autonomy to prevent the country from vulnerability to terrorist attack. America being the presumed global superpower is a target for terrorism and other forms of violent attacks. The U.S. depends on both its domestic and foreign intelligence information to fight and or contain the world’s terrorism. It requires a highly confidential, competent and effective intelligence service both from domestic instruments and from foreign input (Marks, 2010). After the September 11 attacks, cooperation and close coordination is required between national and international intelligence in America (Marks, 2010). However, there should not be complete merge of the two institutions. While they should cooperate to deliver coinciding information, their individual autonomy should also have clear demarcation. The country’s security management should establish a central coordinating body that harmonizes information dissemination from either side of the security institutions. The role of this body would be to provide further scrutiny to the intelligence information before delivering credible vigilant information to the government. The specific roles of these two institutions should also have distinct stipulations to avoid conflict and duplication of surveillance information. Furthermore, the authenticity of foreign intelligence surveillance is dully enshrined in the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of

Maxim Magazine The Company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Maxim Magazine The Company - Essay Example The success of the magazine in its primary market has resulted into expansion into other countries including US, Argentine, Canada, India and other countries. This success of the magazine therefore has made it one of the strongest brands in the industry which firm is also utilizing in its other projects. Such success and brand development also outlines that the Maxim as an organization is also becoming successful and the overall systems , procedures and culture of the organization has resulted into its success over the period of time. The question of whether Maxim is a closed system therefore depends upon a closer analysis of the overall system of the organization, its values as well as culture. It is also important to understand the peculiar dynamics of the media industry in which Maxim works. This also signifies that impact of the industry can have important significance for the organization as a closed system. Within the norms of the public media, the companies work as a closed system owing to the fact that message or output is communicated from a single source to potentially passive audience. This suggests that the output of the closed systems like Maxim entirely depends upon the Maxim’s management’s decision as to what to target and what to deliver. Further, it is argued that the contents of the Maxim are relatively irrelevant as well as the informal. (Proffitt) One of the essential characteristics of closed systems is based on the fact that closed systems are owned by single company. Maxim is a subsidiary of the US based Alpha Media Group. Single ownership of the company suggest that the Maxim is a closed system given the fact that its overall output is more direct and lack openness in terms of the its audience. It is however, critical to understand that the services or businesses related with internet are often considered as the closed systems. Organizations like Facebook are treated as closed systems

Environmental Science Essay Example for Free

Environmental Science Essay Gagandeep Rai Period 3/4 Criteria air pollutants assignment​ Multiple Choice 1. A pungent reddish ­brown gas often associated with photochemical smog. (C) NO2 2. A corrosive gas from burning coal often associated with industrial smog. (d) SO2 3. A dangerous indoor air pollutant. (A) CO 4. Emitted from diesel and burning fuel. (E) PM10 5. All of the following are examples of primary air pollutants except. (c) tropospheric ozone 6. The greatest emission of sulfur dioxide comes from (C) Industrial processes 7. The least amount of nitrogen oxide emissions comes from (A) on ­ road vehicles 8. The accumulation of tropospheric ozone at night depends mainly upon the atmospheric concentrations of (B) volatile organics 1. What are they? The six criteria air pollutants are sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, carbon oxides,lead,particulate matter and tropospheric ozone. These six pollutants significantly threaten human health, ecosystems and/or structures. 2. How is each produced? Sulfur dioxide is mostly produced from the burning of fossil fuels like coal and oil. It can also be released during volcanic eruptions. Nitrogen oxides are produced from vehicles as well as stationary fossil fuel combustion. Some is also released through lightning and forest fires.Carbon monoxide is formed by incomplete combustion of most matter. Vehicle exhaust and many other combustion process produce Carbon monoxide. It is also a indoor pollutant when exhaust systems on natural gas heaters misfunction. Carbon dioxide is produced from complete combustion of most matter such as biomass and fossil fuels . Particulate matter is released when fossil fuels and bio fuel is burned. Also it is released with activities that involve movement of dust or sand. Lead is released from old paint, gasoline additive and combustion of fossil fuels.

How Teenagers Consume Media

How Teenagers Consume Media Digital media is profoundly transforming consumer behaviour and traditional media business models. While creating new opportunities, its disruptive influence is being accelerated by the global recession. At the vanguard of this digital revolution are teenagers. While their habits will obviously change (especially when they start employment), understanding their mindset seems an excellent way of assessing how the media landscape will evolve. To this end, we asked a 15 year old summer work intern, Matthew Robson, to describe how he and his friends consume media. Without claiming representation or statistical accuracy, his piece provides one of the clearest and most thought provoking insights we have seen. So we published it. There are several issues that immediately jump out from the piece. Teenagers are consuming more media, but in entirely different ways and are almost certainly not prepared to pay for it. They resent intrusive advertising on billboards, TV and the Internet. They are happy to chase content and music across platforms and devices (iPods, mobiles, streaming sites). Print media (newspapers, directories) are viewed as irrelevant but events (cinema, concerts etc.) remain popular and one of the few beneficiaries of payment. The convergence of gaming, TV, mobile and Internet is accelerating with huge implications for pay-TV. For mobiles, price is key both in terms of handset prices  £100-200 as well as taking pay as you go as opposed to contracts. Mid-range feature phones still dominate, meaning that Sony Ericsson does well as thats their sweet spot. High-end smartphones are desirable but too expensive. Most prefer to own separate devices for music, and messaging. Texting is still key and use of new data services limited due to cost. Wi-Fi is more popular than 3G. While these trends will not necessarily surprise, their influence on TMT stocks cannot be underestimated. How Teenagers ConsumeMedia Radio Most teenagers nowadays are not regular listeners to radio. They may occasionally tune in, but they do not try to listen to a program specifically. The main reason teenagers listen to the radio is for music, but now with online sites streaming music for free they do not bother, as services such as last.fm do this advert free, and users can choose the songs they want instead of listening to what the radio presenter/DJ chooses. Television Most teenagers watch television, but usually there are points in the year where they watch more than average. This is due to programs coming on in seasons, so they will watch a particular show at a certain time for a number of weeks (as long as it lasts) but then they may watch no television for weeks after the program has ended. allows them to watch shows when they want. Whilst watching TV, adverts come on quite regularly (18 minutes of every hour) and teenagers do not want to watch these, so they switch to another channel, or do something else whilst the adverts run. The majority of teenagers I speak to have Virgin Media as their provider, citing lower costs but similar content of Sky. A fraction of teenagers have Freeview but these people are light users of TV (they watch about 1  ½ hours per week) so they do not require the hundreds of channels that other providers offer. Newspapers No teenager that I know of regularly reads a newspaper, as most do not have the time and cannot be bothered to read pages and pages of text while they could watch the news summarised on the internet or on TV. The only newspapers that are read are tabloids and freesheets (Metro, London Lite) mainly because of cost; teenagers are very reluctant to pay for a newspaper (hence the popularity of freesheets such as the Metro). Over the last few weeks, the sun has decreased in cost to 20p, so I have seen more and more copies read by teenagers. Another reason why mainly tabloids are read is that their compact size allows them to be read easily, on a bus or train. This is especially true for The Metro, as it is distributed on buses and trains. Gaming users, which has had an impact on phone usage; one can speak for free over the console and so a teenager would be unwilling to pay to use a phone. PC gaming has little or no place in the teenage market. This may be because usually games are released across all platforms, and whilst one can be sure a game will play on a console PC games require expensive set ups to ensure a game will play smoothly. In addition, PC games are relatively easy to pirate and download for free, so many teenagers would do this rather than buy a game. In contrast, it is near impossible to obtain a console game for free. Internet Every teenager has some access to the internet, be it at school or home. Home use is mainly used for fun (such as social networking) whilst school (or library) use is for work. Most teenagers are heavily active on a combination of social networking sites. Facebook is the most common, with nearly everyone with an internet connection registered and visiting >4 times a week. Facebook is popular as one can interact with friends on a wide scale. On the other hand, teenagers do not use twitter. Most have signed up to the service, but then just leave it as they release that they are not going to update it (mostly because texting twitter uses up credit, and they would rather text friends with that credit). In addition, they realise that no one is viewing their profile, so their tweets are pointless. Outside of social networking, the internet is used primarily as a source of information for a variety of topics. For searching the web, Google is the dominant figure, simply because it is well kn own and easy to use. Some teenagers make purchases on the internet (on sites like eBay) but this is only used by a small will) so that they can transfer it to portable music players and share it with friends. How teenagers play their music while on the go varies, and usually dependent on wealth -with teenagers from higher income families using iPods and those from lower income families using mobile phones. Some teenagers use both to listen to music, and there are always exceptions to the rule. A number of people use the music service iTunes (usually in conjunction with iPods) to acquire their music (legally) but again this is unpopular with many teenagers because of the high price (79p per song). Some teenagers use a combination of sources to obtain music, because sometimes the sound quality is better on streaming sites but they cannot use these sites whilst offline, so they would download a song then listen to it on music streaming sites (separate from the file). Cinema Teenagers visit the cinema quite often, regardless of what is on. Usually they will target a film first, and set out to see that, but sometimes they will just go and choose when they get there. This is because going to the cinema is not usually about the film, but the experience -and getting together with friends. Teenagers visit the cinema more often when they are in the lower end of teendom (13 and 14) but as they approach 15 they go to the cinema a lot less. This is due to the pricing; at 15 they have to pay the adult price, which is often double the child price. Also, it is possible to buy a pirated DVD of the film at the time of release, and these cost much less than a cinema ticket so teenagers often choose this instead of going to the cinema. Some teenagers choose to download the films off the internet, but this is not favourable as the films are usually bad quality, have to be watched on a small computer screen and there is a chance that they will be malicious files and insta ll a virus. Devices Mobile Phones 99% of teenagers have a mobile phone and most are quite capable phones. The general view is that Sony Ericsson phones are superior, due to their long list of features, built in walkman capability and value ( £100 will buy a mid-high range model). Teenagers due to the risk of it getting lost do not own mobile phones over the  £200 mark. As a rule, teenagers have phones on pay as you go. This is because they cannot afford the monthly payments, and cannot commit to an 18-month contract. Usually, teenagers only use their phone for texting, calling. Features such as video messaging or video calling are not used -because they are expensive, (you can get four regular texts for the price of one video message). Services such as instant messaging are used, but not by everyone. It usually depends whether the phone is Wi-Fi compatible, because otherwise it is very expensive to get internet off the phone network. As most teenagers phones have Bluetooth support, and Bluetooth is free, they utilise this feature often. It is used to send songs and videos (even though it is illegal) and is another way teenagers gain songs for free. Teenagers never use the ringtone and picture selling services, which gained popularity in the early 00s. This is because of the negative press that these services have attracted (where the charge  £20 a week with no easy way to cancel the service) and the fact that they can get pictures and music on a computer -then transfer it to their phones at no cost. Mobile email is not used as teenagers have no need; they do not need to be connected to their inbox all the time as they dont receive important emails. Teenagers do not use the internet features on their mobiles as it costs too much, and generally, if they waited an hour they could use their home internet and they are willing to wait as they dont usually have anything urgent to do. Teenagers do not upgrade their phone very often, with most upgrading every two years. They usually upgrade on their birthday when their parents will buy them a new phone, as they do not normally have enough money to do it themselves. Televisions: Most teenagers own a TV, with more and more upgrading to HD ready flat screens. However, many are not utilising this HD functionality, as HD channels are expensive extras which many families cannot justify the added expenditure. Many of them dont want to sign up to HD broadcasting services, as adverts are shown on standard definition broadcasts, so they cant see the difference. Most people have Virgin Media as a TV provider. Some have sky and some have Freeview but very few only have the first five channels (BBC One, BBC Two, ITV, Channel Four and Channel Five). Computers: Every teenager has access to a basic computer with internet, but most teenagers computers are systems capable of only everyday tasks. Nearly all teenagers computers have Microsoft office installed, as it allows them to do school work at home. Most (9/10) computers owned by teenagers are PCs, because they are much cheaper than Macs and school computers run Windows, so if a Mac is used at home compatibility issues arise. Games Consoles: Close to 1/3 of teenagers have a new ( What is Hot? Anything with a touch screen is desirable. Mobile phones with large capacities for music. Portable devices that can connect to the internet (iPhones) Really big tellies What Is Not? Anything with wires Phones with black and white screens Clunky brick phones Devices with less than ten-hour battery life Disclosure Section Morgan Stanley Co. International plc, authorized and regulated by Financial Services Authority, disseminates in the UK research that it has prepared, and approves solely for the purposes of section 21 of the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000, research which has been prepared by any of its affiliates. As used in this disclosure section, Morgan Stanley includes RMB Morgan Stanley (Proprietary) Limited, Morgan Stanley Co International plc and its affiliates. 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Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart :: essays research papers

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart’s name is familiar even to people who know little or none of his music. However, Mozart’s fame is based on two different frames of reference: firstly, being the most famous child prodigy in music history (as both a performer and a composer) and secondly, his unquestioned brilliance as an adult composer of Classical symphonies, operas, chamber music, sonatas, church music, and concerti for various instruments. Perhaps what he is best remembered for are his operas.	 His astonishing rate of production continues to stupefy scholars today. In his short life, he composed over 600 works, including 21 stage and opera works. The most obvious distinction between Mozart and other opera composers is that he was the master of all other branches of composition. Mozart’s operas are from a mind that thought symphonically, so even if you don’t know what’s going on, you can tell you are listening to an extended piece of music in which the dramatic incidents form a part of a perfectly coherent whole. Mozart wrote from some excellent libretti, yet the music is always the dominant element, giving the action inflections of meaning the words alone couldn’t reflect. Furthermore, until Mozart’s emergence, operatic characters where generalized and typical. Mozart was the first to put real people up on the stage, people who had real emotions that were inconsistent and whose personalities were evolutionary. In 1767, the Mozarts went to Vienna where Wolfgang was commissioned to compose his first opera, La finta semplice, K. 51. Intrigues created by envious composers, prevented this first opera from being performed. However, another charming early theatrical work of Mozart, Bastien und Bastienne, an opera buffa, was performed in Vienna where it was greeted with much acclaim. His first major serious opera, Mitridate, was performed in Milan in 1770 when he was only fourteen, and it was received with unqualified raves that critics compared him to Handel. The 1780’s began the struggling times for Mozart, although the Emperor, who thought highly of Mozart, attended several of his "academies" but did little else for him. Eventually, there was an appointment as Court composer, but there were next to no orders for compositions. When a salary was added to the title, it was a meager one, and Mozart's last years, in spite of some notable successes (Figaro, 1786), were beset by financial worries, aggravated by Konstanze's (Mozart’s wife) many sicknesses and confinements. Although Mozart had initially thrived in Vienna, since he was in great demand as a performer and composition teacher, and his opera, The Abduction from the Seraglio, was a hit, life was seldom easy for him.

Personal Response to Cold Comfort Farm

Cold Comfort Farm By Stella Gibbons What was a main theme in the novel and how can it be applied to my lifestyle? Cold Comfort Farm is a novel centred around recently orphaned Flora Poste who goes to stay with her cousins living on a farm. I thought that a reoccurring theme in the novel was shown in the way in which Flora got people to look beyond their horizons and imagine a more realistic lifestyle. Thanks to Flora’s encouragement and manipulation the characters living at Cold Comfort Farm look beyond their horizons and become much more interesting people.Like Aunt Ada Doom, I have come to realise that I lead a very routine lifestyle only occasionally leaving Karori and barely ever venturing outside of Wellington. I can admit right here that I am not a enthralling person but I am not living a lifestyle which requires as dramatic a change as flying to Paris and living the High Life like Aunt Ada Doom does after reading an issue of Vogue. So really this theme didn’t pro voke any reaction in me at all other than how I hope I don’t see anything too nasty in the woodshed that would make me live in a bedroom for the rest of my life.How did I identify with the protagonist, Flora Poste? Throughout the novel I found myself comparing my attitudes to Flora’s as she is a practical and sensible young woman completely ready to take on any medieval, melodramatic family that she feel the need to â€Å"tidy up. † Flora is like a catalyst; she is the baking soda of the hokey-pokey, Flora shakes up delayed reactions and causes unusual emotions. I typically find this happening whenever I walk into a room as I normally end up saying something embarrassing that causes total controversy and many shocked expressions.Flora does the same thing by suggesting that Adam, a farm hand, uses a scrubbing brush to clean the breakfast dishes rather than a twig. Adam said: â€Å"’I don’t want a liddle mop wi’ a handle. I’ve used a t horn twig these fifty years and more, and what was good enough then is good enough now. ’† Seeing the logical and practical side is something I have in common with Flora however I do not consider myself quite as cunning or manipulative as Flora proves herself to be throughout the novel. â€Å"’But,’ suggested the cunning Flora†¦Ã¢â‚¬ If you had a little mop and could wash the dishes more quickly, you ould have more time in the cowshed with the dumb beasts. ’ Adam stopped his work. This had evidently struck home. † While getting changed after Ballet two weeks ago a girl I dance with stated how she ‘didn’t read. ’ I was disgusted and replied ‘I can see it is cool to be illiterate these days’ the response ‘What does illiterate mean’ could only result in an astonished silence from me. I then took it upon myself to help her with her homework every Tuesday before ballet. I think that Flora and I a re both modern for our times and have little tolerance for unnecessary ignorance.What was a device used by Gibbons to hold my attention throughout the novel? Stella Gibbons was a poet before she became a novelist with her first publication being a book of poems The Mountain Beast, and her melodramatic insertions of landscape descriptions are proof of this. â€Å"**Dawn crept over the downs like a sinister white animal followed by the snarling cries of a wind eating its way between the black boughs of the thorns. The wind was the furious voice of this sluggish animal light that was baring the dormers and mullions and scullions of Cold Comfort Farm. Gibbons warns us whenever she starts this by placing a couple of asterixes in front of the paragraph. The reader is then snatched from this world and back into the sensible yet cynical views of the young protagonist, Flora Poste. I thought this made the book ahead of its times as it was only written in the 1930s when it just wasn’t the done thing for women to write comedy. However, sometimes this would confuse me and I would have to go back and read the paragraph again as a beautiful description of rugged landscape would switch to how Graceless the cow’s leg fell off.Bizarre occurrences like these made me do something that can only be described as a double take to make sure I had read the passage correctly. I couldn’t leave the cow-leg incident alone and spent my lying-in-bed-pondering-before-sleep-time speculating over how a cow’s leg simply falls off. Did I find the novel relevant or interesting to me as a reader? I was highly recommended to read this book by my parents, knowing I like a laugh, they told me it was hilarious and then proved how little they know about my sense of humour.Despite having interesting characters, poetic techniques and a solid theme I found the novel as a whole: disappointing. I didn’t learn anything of great epiphany significance, and no valuable life l essons, there was no exciting climax but the most disappointing thing was the lack of humour. The only thing I really laughed at being Aunt Ada Doom unable to get past how she ‘Saw something nasty in the woodshed when she was a little girl,’ and then spending the rest of her life sulking about it in her bedroom.Maybe I didn’t understand the humour so much because I am only fifteen and have not experienced enough of the world and its literature to understand the adult humour within the story but I did not react to the novel at all, in fact I thought that the setting was rather dull, and reminded me of a rainy day on a farm only more bleak, the events in the story were unrealistically rushed and happened much too quickly and the perfect solutions to each problem that arose were idealistic and cliche, however I am sure it is a classic for a reason and maybe I need to live a little before I revisit it in a few years time. Personal Response to Cold Comfort Farm Cold Comfort Farm By Stella Gibbons What was a main theme in the novel and how can it be applied to my lifestyle? Cold Comfort Farm is a novel centred around recently orphaned Flora Poste who goes to stay with her cousins living on a farm. I thought that a reoccurring theme in the novel was shown in the way in which Flora got people to look beyond their horizons and imagine a more realistic lifestyle. Thanks to Flora’s encouragement and manipulation the characters living at Cold Comfort Farm look beyond their horizons and become much more interesting people.Like Aunt Ada Doom, I have come to realise that I lead a very routine lifestyle only occasionally leaving Karori and barely ever venturing outside of Wellington. I can admit right here that I am not a enthralling person but I am not living a lifestyle which requires as dramatic a change as flying to Paris and living the High Life like Aunt Ada Doom does after reading an issue of Vogue. So really this theme didn’t pro voke any reaction in me at all other than how I hope I don’t see anything too nasty in the woodshed that would make me live in a bedroom for the rest of my life.How did I identify with the protagonist, Flora Poste? Throughout the novel I found myself comparing my attitudes to Flora’s as she is a practical and sensible young woman completely ready to take on any medieval, melodramatic family that she feel the need to â€Å"tidy up. † Flora is like a catalyst; she is the baking soda of the hokey-pokey, Flora shakes up delayed reactions and causes unusual emotions. I typically find this happening whenever I walk into a room as I normally end up saying something embarrassing that causes total controversy and many shocked expressions.Flora does the same thing by suggesting that Adam, a farm hand, uses a scrubbing brush to clean the breakfast dishes rather than a twig. Adam said: â€Å"’I don’t want a liddle mop wi’ a handle. I’ve used a t horn twig these fifty years and more, and what was good enough then is good enough now. ’† Seeing the logical and practical side is something I have in common with Flora however I do not consider myself quite as cunning or manipulative as Flora proves herself to be throughout the novel. â€Å"’But,’ suggested the cunning Flora†¦Ã¢â‚¬ If you had a little mop and could wash the dishes more quickly, you ould have more time in the cowshed with the dumb beasts. ’ Adam stopped his work. This had evidently struck home. † While getting changed after Ballet two weeks ago a girl I dance with stated how she ‘didn’t read. ’ I was disgusted and replied ‘I can see it is cool to be illiterate these days’ the response ‘What does illiterate mean’ could only result in an astonished silence from me. I then took it upon myself to help her with her homework every Tuesday before ballet. I think that Flora and I a re both modern for our times and have little tolerance for unnecessary ignorance.What was a device used by Gibbons to hold my attention throughout the novel? Stella Gibbons was a poet before she became a novelist with her first publication being a book of poems The Mountain Beast, and her melodramatic insertions of landscape descriptions are proof of this. â€Å"**Dawn crept over the downs like a sinister white animal followed by the snarling cries of a wind eating its way between the black boughs of the thorns. The wind was the furious voice of this sluggish animal light that was baring the dormers and mullions and scullions of Cold Comfort Farm. Gibbons warns us whenever she starts this by placing a couple of asterixes in front of the paragraph. The reader is then snatched from this world and back into the sensible yet cynical views of the young protagonist, Flora Poste. I thought this made the book ahead of its times as it was only written in the 1930s when it just wasn’t the done thing for women to write comedy. However, sometimes this would confuse me and I would have to go back and read the paragraph again as a beautiful description of rugged landscape would switch to how Graceless the cow’s leg fell off.Bizarre occurrences like these made me do something that can only be described as a double take to make sure I had read the passage correctly. I couldn’t leave the cow-leg incident alone and spent my lying-in-bed-pondering-before-sleep-time speculating over how a cow’s leg simply falls off. Did I find the novel relevant or interesting to me as a reader? I was highly recommended to read this book by my parents, knowing I like a laugh, they told me it was hilarious and then proved how little they know about my sense of humour.Despite having interesting characters, poetic techniques and a solid theme I found the novel as a whole: disappointing. I didn’t learn anything of great epiphany significance, and no valuable life l essons, there was no exciting climax but the most disappointing thing was the lack of humour. The only thing I really laughed at being Aunt Ada Doom unable to get past how she ‘Saw something nasty in the woodshed when she was a little girl,’ and then spending the rest of her life sulking about it in her bedroom.Maybe I didn’t understand the humour so much because I am only fifteen and have not experienced enough of the world and its literature to understand the adult humour within the story but I did not react to the novel at all, in fact I thought that the setting was rather dull, and reminded me of a rainy day on a farm only more bleak, the events in the story were unrealistically rushed and happened much too quickly and the perfect solutions to each problem that arose were idealistic and cliche, however I am sure it is a classic for a reason and maybe I need to live a little before I revisit it in a few years time.

Living and Dining Room FurnitureÂÂ

Living and Dining Room Furniture Issues in the Market The vast majority of households struggle with storage issues. Furthermore, two fifths (42%) find it difficult to source the right size furniture for their home, while over a third (36%) struggle to store/display their possessions. This frustration with lack of space creates significant scope for new clever and flexible storage innovations in living/dining room furniture. Q: How does smaller housing stock affect demand for living/dining room furniture?A: By 2017, the number of one- and two-person households is projected to increase by 850,000. Demand for space-efficient living/dining room furniture is therefore likely to intensify during the coming years. For example, in 2013, IKEA is launching its Uppleva modular range in the UK, which has integrated smart TV, video/Blu-ray and DVD players, wireless internet systems and the different components can be tailored to fit requirements and/or the space available. Mintel’s researc h for this report shows that the vast majority of households struggle with storage issues.Furthermore, two fifths (42%) find it difficult to source the right size furniture for their home, while over a third (36%) struggle to store/display their possessions. This frustration with lack of space creates significant scope for new clever and flexible storage innovations. Q: How are companies leveraging the ‘stay at home’ trend? A: The living room has become a home entertainment hub with seating arrangements serving as part of the ‘movie’ experience, for example incorporating home comforts such as built-in fridges, cup holders and reclining seats.There is increasing connectivity between furniture and mobile devices. In April 2012, La-Z-Boy’s Gizmo range includes Bluetooth music control and speakers. CSL’s Sound Sofa offers built-in docking facilities for iPods and music speakers while the DFS Audio Sofas feature an entertainment dock for iPod/iPhon e/MP3, with built-in speakers and a sub-woofer. Neil Mason Head of Retail Research [email  protected] com Tel: +44 (0) 20 7606 4533    © 2013 Mintel Group Ltd. All rights reserved. Confidential to Mintel.Neil manages the teams that produce the European Retail Reports. Neil joined Mintel in 1995 and previously worked as Head of Fashion/Beauty and Personal Care/Household, and Head of UK Retail. Before joining Mintel, he worked in the food and publishing industries. He has a BSc in Business Studies/Marketing. Living and Dining Room Furniture Issues in the Market Since home ownership won’t become a reality for many younger consumers, investing in a home digital system that can be moved (and built up over time) is an important consideration.The internet has become an integral part of buying living/dining room furniture, with almost half of respondents browsing online before making a purchase. This compares to 30% who like to browse catalogues before buying. Q: How important is property churn to the living/dining room market? A: In Mintel’s research for this report, less than one in five respondents (18%) said that they bought living/dining room furniture when they last moved house/set up home. A similar proportion bought after redecorating/extending their living/dining room (19%) or just to get a new look/style (19%).So fluctuations in the housing market are significant but not the only driver of new purchases. The primary reason for buying living/dining room furniture is when items get worn out or broken (51% agree). It is competing for share of household goods spend and moving forward the emphasis should be on the pleasure derived from creating an inviting home environment. Women are in the driving seat when it comes to this type of furniture purchase rationalisation, with 79% saying the look/style of their living/dining room is important, compared to 64% of men.We can therefore expect to see a greater focus on targeting women using emotive tr iggers such as family, status among peers, self-indulgence etc. Q: How important is multichannel retailing to living/dining room furniture? A: The internet has become an integral part of buying living/dining room furniture, with almost half of respondents browsing online before making a purchase. This compares to 30% who like to browse catalogues before buying. At the same time, bricks-and-mortar showrooms offer clear advantages to consumers who prefer to ‘try before they buy’ (54%) and to those who ppreciate helpful and knowledgeable staff, important to over two thirds of potential shoppers (69%). Modern retailers are harnessing the advantages of all channels, for example creating augmented reality mobile phone apps, launching mobileoptimised websites, increasing in-store theatre and modernising product catalogues. Greater focus on e-commerce is seeing many of the larger retailers rationalising their store portfolio and introducing smaller store formats, while relying more on digital channels to facilitate wider product ranges, style inspiration and achieve greater geographical reach.Websites are becoming more content-rich, thus improving the online experience, similarly many retailers are investing in their stores, enhancing the physical shopper experience. Therefore the two channels are increasingly working in tandem with one another, creating more convenience and flexibility for the consumer.  © 2013 Mintel Group Ltd. All rights reserved. Confidential to Mintel. Living and Dining Room Furniture Issues in the Market The year 2012 saw these trends pick up pace as the non-specialist retailers grew their market share.Q: What are retailers doing to reduce consumer preoccupation with price? A: Promotional tactics risk becoming tired and ineffective as consumers become immune to the steady stream of promotional campaigns. Several retailers are using emotional triggers to inspire consumers to invest in their home by projecting aspirational lifestyle s and communicating a different set of value benchmarks. Some 86% of respondents cite good quality as important to their choice of furniture retailer, whereas a wide choice of styles, quick/flexible delivery and promotions/discounts also gain the same level of response.Retailers are adopting diverse and innovative tactics to detract from price-based promotions, ranging from greater online customisation of styles/colours/fabrics, highlighting softer attributes such as provenance, heritage and ethics eg Britishmade furniture, adding new exclusive brands to the mix such as Habitat (Homebase), French Connection (DFS), Jasper Conran (M&S) or introducing new own-brands which are less open to direct price comparison, or offering speedy delivery (eg CSL’s 72-hour express delivery service).While price-based promotions remain vital to driving footfall in-store, industry trends reveal more multi-layered strategies taking shape such as express delivery times, greater scope for customisat ion of design and making different channels work in harmony rather than in competition with each other eg in-store vs online. Promotional tactics risk becoming tired and ineffective as consumers become immune to the steady stream of promotional campaigns. Several retailers are using emotional triggers to inspire consumers to invest in their home by projecting aspirational lifestyles and communicating a different set of value benchmarks.

Chapter 9 Psychology Notes

Chapter 9 Psychology Thinking? Cognition: All mental activities associated with processing understanding and communicating Concept: A mental grouping of similar object events and people Prototype: mental imagine that incorporate all the features that we associate with the concept How do we solve problems? Algorithms: Step by step procedure that guarantees a solution. How does it work? Heuristics: Quicker, more efficient but more prone to error. â€Å"Rule of Thumb† Strategy Insight: When you have a sudden flash of inspiration. Johnny Appleton and construction workers.Obstacles to Problem Solving Confirmation Bias: When we search for information that confirms our beliefs Fixation: Inability to see a problem from a fresh perspective Functional Fixedness: When we perceive the function of object as fixed and unchanging. Thinking is also affected by Overconfidence: Our tendency to overestimate the accuracy of our knowledge and judgment Framing: The way an issue is presented Belief Perseverance: Our Inclination to hold on to over belifeinspite of evidence that contradicts them. Language Our spoken written, or gestured words and the way we combine them.How do we acquire it? Babble at 4 months Distinct babbling at 10 months 1 year 1 word sentence Two year say two word sentences. Girls babble before boys, and say sentence before boys too and follows into Elementary school. Three Theories of Language Development Skinner: believes we talk because of Association. Imitation, Reinforcement Chomsky: believes we are pre-wired for language with a LAD (Language Acquisition Device) Whorf: Linguistic Determinism different languages impose difference realities Animal Intelligence Do animals think? They can solve problems and make tools. Read Renal System Physiology PhysioexDo animals have language? They can learn human sign language and communicate with each other. Hunger Hunger pangs Blood sugar drops Release of hormone orexin Hunger may affect -Thinking -Mood -Behavior Set Point – the point at which out weight is set Basal Metabolic Rate – the rate at which your body expends energy to maintain basic body functions Sexual Orientations Long term enduring sexual attraction to the same sex 3-4% of men are homosexual 1-2% of women are homosexual LeVays’s Research – Measured a cluster of cells in brains to determine their sexual orientation.